Pwcs 32

Principles of mortalal give voicement in adult settings 32 1. 1 rationalize what reflective practice is? To create space to tension on my day to day movement, task i. e. whether Ive through with(p) tasks in good order if I need to plow on things if I need supervising what do I need to do next. 1. 2 justify the splendour of reflective practice in continuously improving the quality of military service provided? It is wholly-important(prenominal) because it identifies weaknesss that then substructure be develop to provide positive outcome, thus continuously providing quality service. . 3 Explain how standards inform reflective practice in adult social dish out? Standards inform reflective practice because they preserve on how I work in a day today setting. I have to be fully aware of them and understand the impactions of not working towards them. Reflecting on standards besides gives me the opportunity to update myself on any new standards. 1. 4 draw in how own values, beliefs systems and experiences may affect working practice?My values, beliefs system and experiences could impact on the work I am doing with residents if I do not have an awareness of my own values etc. This is because I could square off it difficult to accept other people values and beliefs, I capacity feel mine are the right ones and paths I have chosen are the ways to successful rehabilitation. 2. 1 Explain how people leave react and respond to constructive feedback? Constructive feedback gives people the opportunity to develop if areas for improvement have been identified then this could cause the person to develop upset.If this feedback is given in a positive manner then the person is more than likely to accept it and work on improving. 2. 3 Explain the grandeur of using feedback in improving own practice? It is important that i obtain feedback this feedback allows me to continuingly improve my working practices it also identifies any areas of evolution that I may hav e, I can then work on these areas and I will continuingly progress in my practices. 3. 1 Explain the importance of using feedback in improving own practice?To have a personal development stick out you will have regular meetings with executive program specifically for PDP during these meetings targets will be indentified for example attending training courses survey up meetings will review what targets have been met and those that are ongoing. 3. 2 detect sources of support for planning and reviewing own development? To support me whilst doing my PDP I can speak to colleges, my line manager, and tutor if on any courses. Reference books and profit could be ways to help. 3. 3 Explain the role of others in the personal development plan in seting Strengths areas for development?My line manager, colleagues and residents are all able to help me identify the strengths that I have and areas of development this is done in one to one settings, staff meetings and from feedback from residen ts through peer process. 3. 4 Explain the benefits of using a personal development plan to identify ongoing improvements I knowledge and understanding? As a plan is not set in stone it allows new targets to be added throughout the year. Old targets can also be modified or deleted if necessary. This allows for the ongoing improvement in knowledge and understanding and also meets business needs.

Journal of my close friend

My Close Friend Who is that? Is that your best wiz? I am sure everyone had been asked by those questions in their life. So do l. So, what it is close friend? Close friend is somebody who always cheers you up in no matter what happened either in happiness or sadness. Hangout, gossiping, playing, studying, shopping, laughing, crying, and so on, all you do is together with them, your best friends. In my life, I do have a close friend. She is my sunshine. She also is my rainbow after laborious rain had passed. I laughed with her. I cried with her.She never left me, so do l. We are a best friend. Forever, I will cherish our friendship. I still remember how I met her in our get-go meeting. On the first day of my high school, I went to school early. When I stepped in my class, I saw someone was sleeping in the corner of my class. I got a little shocked when looking at her. For sure because I do think she might be a ghost or someone who are homeless. But somehow, I told myself to be brav e, so I came approximate to her then I realize, she also a student, same as me. I woke her up and she is awake.She looked at me innocently with her puffy eyes. Suddenly she cried hard in front of me. I was so anxious with that unexpected scene. Did I weakened her when I woke her up? When I asked her, she told me every issue. Nothing less but it was somewhat her heartbreaking. I Just listen to her and comfort her. Although it was a little unskilful since that was the first time I met her, still, I feel comfortable with her. The persuasion want to be her friend were strongly linger in myself. afterwards that, we always keep in touch and end up as a best friend. Sharing all story together.When I was in trouble, she is ready for me and I had never leave by her side when she require me. Where is she, there is always me by her side. That is why everyone called us a twin. She is a thin girl with a sweet smile. She is so cool almost of time but when something had troubled her, I eas ily recognized it. all told of her feeling is shown at her beautiful face without barriers. That is why I as her only best friend will always cheer her up. I love to see her smile and her sorrow are my first thing I must vanish away. I love her, my only best friend, Siti Najihah

Coke-India: Case Study Essay

Coca-Cola has considerably gained a large sh are of the market in the piano drinks industry. In the chase of expanding to foreign companies, it decided to explore India which presented great effectiveness for revenues due to the growing universe of discourse. The company built bottling plants in India and also contract with local anesthetic entrepreneur to facilitate the circulation of the products. Acquisition of local beverages companies, aggressive advert campaigns and competitive pricing played an important role in service of process penetrating the market and gave Coca-Cola a competitive advantage over local beverages.In no time, Coca-Cola had gained the trust of the tribe and experienced a rattling(a) growth of the business in the region. This success was tarnished when accusations were brought to the government of India about a discovery found in the tests conducted by the Center for Science and surround (CSE), a Non-Governmental Organization in India. The discovery rev ealed that elevated amount of noxious substances (including Lindane, DDT, malathion and Chlorpyrifos) had been found in shock and Pepsi products especi onlyy in soft drinks.These substances are known to be dangerous to human health including causing sesscer, abide defects and damage to the nervous and reproductive systems. Following this discovery, Indias government proscribed all change state and Pepsi products and launched an independent investigation. Coke stock price topknotted the company promised to launch its own investigation and provide the results of the tests to disclaim the CSEs accusations to regain the trust of the consumers in India.Previous cases involving Coca-Cola Company show that this is not the first time that the company is tough in this token of allegations. The realise of this letter is to bring to your attention the ethical issue presented in Cokes business practices with emphasis on product safety and quality. The practices presented in the facts preceding(prenominal) need to be investigated and resolved. If these practices are not investigated and addressed, the effects to the population will be very devastating for many.The concerns will eventually pass on out of India and pose great distress to the community of soft drinks consumers slightly the world. In addition to the consumers, these concerns will also affect Indias population, avocation growth In India, the employees, current and future investors, the suppliers and the competitors. In response to these practices, I am proposing three different move upes that can be practised to solve the dilemma and I hope that one of them can ultimately be mechanismed.The three alternative resolutions are found on the Utilitarian principle, the morality of Virtues and Kants Categorical Imperative rule. The Utilitarian principle calls for actions that would produce the great balance of happiness over unhappiness (James, 2010). If Coca-Cola wants to regain the trust of its consumers and tranquillises them of the non-validity of the accusations, it should use mass media and communicate the results of their own tests to the greatest number of people. Instead of doing so, the companies redirected the consumers to its website to view the information.Now in a population with a low per capita of 6 bottles per year, I do not theorise that finding the results on the website is a proper media source for the consumers. Coming clean about the allegations will reassure the consumers and all the stakeholders. If the company uses the mass media to publish its results, the vast majority of population will get answers to the concerns and this will also help the company join on sales and attract much investors. Another solution will be based on the ethics of Virtues.According to Aristotle, a virtue is a trait or character manifested in habitual action (James, 2010). Here, Coke and Pepsi should construct positive behaviors of honesty and care and therefore invest more resources in educating the population on the processes used to manufacture their beverages from the collection of piss to the cleanliness of the trucks used for transportation of the net products without of course revealing the recipe of the drinks. The dissolve of this step is to present consumers the strict safety standards that the companies claimed they use at all times in their manufacturing lants.In doing so, these companies show care for their consumers and their willingness to abide to regulations. The facts presented above show that this is not the first time Coca-Cola is involved in this type of allegations as mentioned in the Belgium case of 1999. Instead of taking responsibility for the accusations Ivester, Coca-Colas CEO at the time on visit in Paris, returned to the U. S. A without responding to the crisis leaving the consumer in distress. This is not a behavior of a psyche who cares about the well-being of the consumers.To avoid this type of habit to develop, it is important to implement policies that figure that the processes of manufacturing these goods are well presented to consumers. The third alternative resolution is based on Kants Categorical Imperative rule. Kant defined this rule as follow act only according to that maximum by which you can at the same time will that it should become a widely distributed law (James, 2010). Kants Categorical Imperative rule calls to act in such a way that the action taken under the detail could be a universal law, rule or behavior.I think that Coke, Pepsi and other beverage companies in India should joint the government in development standards that they believe are strict enough to eliminate the potential for contamination in the manufacturing process of the soft drinks. These standards will also ensure a safe delivery of the final products. Everything use to produce and deliver the final product should be free of all contaminants. In developing these standards, companies involved and the government should make sure that the standards apply to all the parties involved in the production of beverages.In conclusion, I believe that the ethics of Virtues is the best approach to address this issue. A company that cares about the well being of its consumers forever engages in activities that promote that objective. By caring for the consumers, managers at Coca-Cola and Pepsi will ensure that all the proper steps are taken to eliminate contamination. If a contamination occurs somehow, the company should take responsibility for the event and assist in resolving it not run away and abandon the consumers in distress. Corporations should depend the consequences of their actions at all time.

Newton Second Law of Motion Essay

According to nitrogens second justness of nature of motion, Acceleration is produced when a take acts on a quite a little. The greater the mass is, the grater the speedup is involve to extend forward.This law basically states that a force applied to the objects changes its velocity overtime in the direction of the force that is applied, the acceleration is directly proportional to the force, as an usage, if thrust on an object, causing it to whet, and then you push, the very(prenominal) object three time harder, the acceleration will be three times greater and the acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass of an object, if you push equally on ii objects, and one of the objects has five times more than mass than the other, it will accelerate at one fifth of the object.SUVs have the greater mass than the elevator automobile. So SUVs need more force than light car to move forward in the direction the force is applied, we can put that SUVs need more force to act than a car, for object lesson driving an SUV and light car at the same velocity, the force needed for car would be slight than the SUV and the car would run faster than a suv as it need less force than an SUV. SUV requires more fuel than a normal car. A Car could run faster than an SUV and it even requires less fuel. Therefore, the more mass the object has, it requires more force to make it move forward and to act on it.Newtons second law of motion states that the heavier objects require more force to get them moving exclusively smaller objects or lighter objects require less force to in truth get them moving. The formula that is used is force equals mass times acceleration. For example if you throw a 5lb weight stone and a 2lb weight with the same amount of force the 2lbs weight will travel faster than the 5lbs weight, That is because there is less mass to be moved, A truck hits a car and allows the car to move forward.The truck provides the force and the cars mass, and the ac celeration is how quickly the car (mass) moves forward. The larger and heavier the car mass is, the more force it takes to move forward. If the car has very less mass it moves forward quicker than the car with more mass. Thus, we can say that more people would prefer a car than a SUVs because of its mass and fuel efficiency that is required which is very less in consumption in a car than compared to SUVs.

Bradbury’s the Sound of Thunder and Skurzynski’s Nethergrave

English Critical move BradburysThe Sound of Thunderand SkurzynskisNethergraveare both matter to skill fiction stories. twain stories are more or less technology changing the life of an individual. In the the recital Nethergrave, a boy name Jeremy chooses a realistic world over the real world where he feels embarrassed, uncomfortable, and alone. In the story A Sound of Thunder, the main character, Eckels, faces severe consequences due to a mistake that he makes when going back in succession. Nevertheless, both characters nature is pretty similar in some ways both world somewhat cowardly.Both are about the effect technology hind end know on the world. I honestly felt that Bradburys story was much interesting than Skurzynskis story. I found that the slightest thing in the retiring(a) may change the future massively. In the story, Eckels uses a new invention, a condemnation machine. Then he decided to go back to the time when dinosaurs were alive. While he was there, tha t triggered terrible consequences. Eckels death in the end wasnt in truth surprising. The mistake seemed very small at the time, but had a massive effect on the outcome of the present-day world.Although Skurzynskis story was very relatable towards others, I still think Bradburys story was better. Nethergravewas about a boy named Jeremy, making a decision of staying in a world he wasnt happy in or to withdraw from and enter a whole new world in which he was promised never to be alone or hurt. The idea of a boy feeling awkward in the real world, then looking into what appears to be a better world just isnt what I take chances interesting. I permit sometimes felt awkward and embarrassed in this world, though I do not think that I would penury to enter a virtual world.Throughout the story, I never felt as though I liked or related to Jeremys character. Both of the stories show how technology can change a persons life for better or for worse. Technology can be very useful but it can also cause destruction. In science fiction plots, often results in a negative effect. Technology can be both destructive and useful, but in these stories, they both have negative outcomes. As in Skurzynskis story, Jeremy was introduced to a new virtual world, which resulted in Jeremy ending his life on earth. In Bradburys story, the time machine ended up changing the present world.

Insert Surname

Fear is iodin aspects of troopskind life that can appoint or break the life of a hero. Being a loss leader entails a plenty in ones life and there are various things that come with leadership. In the antiquated set up, leaders normally went to warfare and they had to come back home having ful fill up their mission. While away, they met or sort of faced several challenges that made them either whole or slash away. Kingdoms were founded on the major aspects of how strong ones army was. Gilgamesh was a real soul being one of the leaders of the proto-literate Uruk.The life and achievements of Gilgamesh illustrates the importance of striving for the better(p) as well as the values of overcoming solicitude of death. Gilgamesh goes out to a mission and encounters major magic helpers then later comes home to his participation with major benefits to the community. To be a hero takes a lot in the human life. A leader has to be very(prenominal) daring. He has to strike many th ings that are really challenging. If a leader is not strong enough, his or her passel ordain suffer to oblivion and thus the totality of heroism comes in.Gilgamesh in this epic is described as a spacious hero who was fearless and had to face a lot for his raft (Sandars 21). He is described as one person who was really fearless and met the extremes of human experiences for the benefit of his lovely community. During his expedition, he experienced magnificence and at the homogeneous period went through a lot of human existence extremes. This is clear elaborated in this sweet story of the ancient times. Gilgamesh was two-thirds god and this is one of the rare parentages of the ancient times. People like Achilles were the only caliber of people who had this kind of special parentage.Before his actualization of the heroism in him, Gilgamesh spends most of the time engaging in non-profitable things like taking away other peoples wives. He later reasons and learns that he ought to do a lot for his community that is beneficial. He goes out to fight and kill monsters so that the human being can be restored (Sandars 77). Fear is one thing that can show a commodious people to be reduced to nothing. It takes a jocund leader like Gilgamesh to stand out of the crowd and do something that will outlive them and live to the generations to come.The things that Gilgamesh has to go through in the woods plot in his mission demand for a brave man. It would be vain for him to get to the woods if he were a coward. The woods were very succinct and it would only take a brave man to pursue this extensive mission. We can compare this wide hero with other heroes in the ancient times. Achilles was one such hero who chose a short life with laurels than a long one with glory. It took one to in the ancient universe of discourse to fight in the front line so that they could be termed great heroes.Achilles really made this realization for he accomplished his mission in the bat tle fields and he is in the top list of the ancient heroes. This was the kind of heroic codes that were highly revered to in the ancient times. It is very clear how Gilgamesh is determined and not scared by the monsters even after he witnesses the death of his friend Enkindu. In spite of the many dangers in the woods, Gilgamesh goes beyond the normal limits to realize the immortality (Sandars 118). His divine parentage makes him the brave man he is and this makes him bring glory to the community he belonged .The above clear tells us that fear is a great threat to human condition. When fear grips humans, there are many things that cannot be realized. Naturally, human condition is filled with fear and it takes only the brave to stand out of the crowd and do the most desirable. If Gilgamesh had been filled with fear, the great things he did for his community would not be realized. His community would never be recognized as great and his line would not be remembered at all. The text r elates to real life in that we basically use literature and hidden meanings to express contagious issues witchcraft, death and spirits.Gilgamesh comes out as the character that is making the text meaningful, since he helps in developing the plots of the text he appears most often in the text (Sandars 62). The ability to overcome fear of any form is the beginning of winner to the human endeavors. It is with great courage that a person can enamour and make the people that come after him or her to enjoy the benefits of the great works accomplished. Gilgameshs extra-ordinary determination to achieve is a proof beyond doubt. Work Cited Sandars, N. K. The Epic of Gilgamesh An English version with introduction. United Kingdom, Penguin Classics Publishers, 2003.

Social Studies Sba on Alcohol Abuse

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The successful finis of this study is as a result of the helping hands of many individuals. I thank the pot of community of interests X for their massive cooperation in answering the questionnaires given. Also , to my friends, who helped with the distri moreoverion of the questionnaires and my family for the giving me the hope and strength to persevere. Lastly, untold gratitude is extended to my teacher for guiding me in every step of the means throughout my investigations.Social studies SCHOOL BASED ASSESSEMENT (S. B. A. ) pic Statement of the Problem What are the causes, set up and solutions of the example of soaking beverage amongst individuals of Community X? Method of Investigation I bring on chosen the questionnaire as a means of collecting selective information to carry out the survey.The questionnaire has numerous advantages which include the following It is done at the convenience of the person completing it. Requires very little time to be comp leted. Guarantees confidentiality , since no names are mandatory. Instrument used to collect selective information Copy Of Questionnaire Survey of alcohol role among individuals in Community X. unspoilt Villager,This is a survey being carried out in Community X to determine the direct of alcohol usage among individuals in the community. This study I am currently pursuing, is conducted as an assignment for a Social Studies course. I advise you to answer the questions given, truthfully and honestly since you are non required to write names.There are no wrong or right answers as this is non a test. Most answers require a tick in the small boxes provided read the questions carefully. Villagers Questionnaire 1. Sex Male Female 2. What is your none? ____________ 3. To what Ethnic group do you belong?African Descent Chinese Descent Indian Descent Mixed Descent 4. How long have you been a member of Community X? __________________ 5. To what age group do you belong? Under 12 1 2-14 15-16 17-19 6.As a youth, which of the following influences you to consume alcohol? Peer pressure For the fun of it Out of curiosity first gear 7. When do you often consume alcohol? Special Occasions Partying To gain popularity I do not befuddle alcohol . Do problems in the domicile contribute to students imbibition alcohol? Yes No 9. What chemical formulaly happens when you consume alcoholic beverages? I touch sensation drunk I feel normal I have headaches I do not present alcohol 10. How do you think the students of Community X get alcoholic beverages?It is made operable at community shops An older sibling/friend is asked to purchase it for them They dislocate it away They are given the consent 11. What is the some common sum caused by drunkennessing? STDs Being an alcoholic Having Heart malady Death 2. What effect does known cases of alcohol alcoholism in Community X, have on the rest of its population? ________________________________________________ _ . 13. How does alcohol consumption impact a students academic performance? They work little Nothing is done They work harder They give up on indoctrinate 14. Do students who drink alcohol show signs of aggressive behaviour? Yes No 15.What do you suggest to your fellow community members who have already started to drink? Tone down their ambition Drink responsibly Stop drinking Seek passe-partout help 16. Should the age of consent for drinking be increased? Yes No 17. Do you think reformation Centers should be considered for alcoholics?Yes, but it depart not be fully effective No, It will not help Let them suffer the consequences Have counsel sessions instead exhibit and Interpretation of Data picFig 1. The causes of alcohol consumption is simply represented in Fig 1 this figure briefly explains that 45% of the people in Community X consume alcoholic beverages for minor influences as the honest fun and njoyment that comes with the pleasures of drinking. One the other hand, 20% indicate that the partake of the employment as a result of Peer press where individuals, mostly teenagers, drink because they either think it is cool or o prove a point. However, 30% population specified that they drink for the little curiosity of decision out what other individuals get, feel or benefit from it, this being. Mainly rightful(prenominal) experimenting the activity. A smaller 5% say they drink alcohol because of Depression because alcohol is known to somewhat relieve the stress that causes Depression. picFig2 Whereby the effects of devour inebriant are concerned, almost half of the population indicate that no harm is done, as 55% of them feel normal after their aspiration of the substance. And so, this could be one of the reasons, the level of consumption in the community should be monitored. 5 % of them say they feel tipsy, an eerie felling, that may cause them to intake alcohol regularly. However, a few of them seem to be affected as 10% of the population st ate that they have headaches which may discourage them to do so. Another 10% indicate that they simply do not drink alcohol, primarily because of religion and other personal reasons. picFig3 In order to fill out the level of alcohol usage in Community X. Fig 3 shows that 70% of Its members indicate that the individuals who already drinking, should drink responsibly Suggesting that they should get a line at the consequences of whether it be becoming an alcoholic or getting drunk. Another 15% say they these individuals should simply tone down their intake of by drinking less of the substance.On the other hand, the remainder of the population , 15%, indicated more forceful measures to the solution. Fig 3 shows that 10% of them say people should just await drinking while the other 5% believe they should seek professional help. These responses therefore can be interpreted as the respondents knowing soulfulness who drink too much.Procedures Used to Collect Data Community X has an e stimated number of 130 individuals due to calculations, it was discovered that 15% of the population was require in order to gather possible causes, effects, and solutions to the level of alcohol usage in the community. That is, ( 15% of 130 =20 ) Therefore, a total of 35 questionnaires were distributed with the expectation that at least 20 would be returned. Later, it was decided that the questionnaires be given to random personnel.This resulted in the recording of information on each individual on small pieces of paper, placed in a box, agitate and a total of 35 slips were selected. Therefore, 35 individuals gatherd a retroflex of the questionnaire, were successfully completed and left in my mailbox 4 stag Rd. Cheleston Gardens. Findings The survey carried out resulted in numerous interesting discoveries due to the level of alcohol usage in Community X. These state Alcohol is consumed mainly through social activities where 70% of the individuals indicate that they partake of a lcoholic beverages when partying. The most common effect known caused by drinking is neutral amidst 1. Becoming an alcoholic 2. Being sexually active at an other(a) age. Which was I therefore observed that the questionnaires have revealed a 50-50% ratio. The individuals of Community X believe that in order for the level of alcohol be decreased, Rehabilitation Centers should be established.However, all 100% of the people who agree, stated that it will not be fully effective for the common reason that the alcoholics will not endure the necessary procedures that will be required. Recommendations The level of alcohol usage should not be taken lightly, as many young people in Community X are partaking of the activity when are furthest too young to be drinking.That said, I would recommend to this community that the fall level of alcohol us be accomplished through devil simple objectives. These objectives include ? Allowing adults of the community to take on leadership qualities wh ereby they look out for children who they see with alcoholic beverages and hinder them from consuming it. More specifically to shopkeepers, since in recent survey it is proven that most individuals especially children receive alcohol by the availability of such beverages in the community shops. chew up to individuals about drinking as little talks can do great things. There are people who are willing to listen. Parents will see to it that their children go to these sessions and ensure that they understand the dangers of drinking. Pie Chart Showing Causes Of Alcohol Consumption 20% 30% 5% 45% Peer Pressure Out of Curiosity Depression For the fun of it Chart Showing effectuate of Alcohol Consumption In Community X. I feel tipsy 25% I have headaches 10% I feel normal 55% I do not drink alcohol 10% I feel tipsy I have headaches I feel normal I do not drink alcohol

Law 531

Traditional and Non conventional Litigation Systems rightfulness/531 July 30, 2012 The traditionalistic legal agreement of utilizes legality as it is foundation for all decisions. lawfulnesss in the United States have tetrad sources constitutional, statutes and ordinance, common legality and administrative. The features of these quartette be * Constitutional Law is based on a formal enrolment that defines broad powers. Federal constitutional law originates from the U. S. constitution. State constitutional law originates from the individual state constitutions. Statutes and Ordinances argon legislation passed on the national, state, or topical anesthetic anesthetic levels. * Common Law is based on the concept of precedence on how the courts have interpreted the law. Under common law, the facts of a particular flake ar determined and comp bed to previous exercises having similar facts in order to realize a decision by analogy. Common law applies mostly at the state le vel. It originated in the 13th century when royal judges began put down their decisions and the reasoning behind the decisions. * Administrative Law federal, state, and local level.Administrative law is make by administrative agencies that define the intent of the legislative body that passed the law. These four steps are used to structure and interpret laws to remedy situations as they arise the enforcement occurs at three levels and they are called courts. The Supreme cost, Appellate courts and audition courts, in the business environment the trial court is a pop choice because it handles the obliging disputes and it is only when unique cases appear it is sent to be viewed by the Supreme coquette for a ruling.Cases such as national FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS ET AL. v. SEBELIUS, depositary OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, ET AL. (Supreme Court of the United States 2011) otherwise known as the health care law which mandates healthcare for all, when this kind of law i s in place and it affects the citizens on a all that decision must be weighed against the rules of the constitution which is the law of the land. Alternative contravention Resolution (ADR) this is the mitigation process where the end result is the agreement correspond to the process of litigation.ADR is the involvement of a third party to who is unbiased except encourages a discussion between the parties. This features is particularly important to businesses because of this feature the discussions are private and so it reduces the negative publicity which whitethorn arise, the process is faster because it because the terms of the agreement is then presented to judge for his/her viewing and then a ruling is make. Finally, the agreement is also covered by a caution of confidentiality which reminds both parties that the agreed terms must not be discussed.This compositors case of discussion is helpful in mergers and acquisitions as is used in the execution environments where a u nion supplies the employees. Comparison Both processes are features of the judicial remains and the remedy is legally binding. Most times the remedy is monetary and the civilian wrong is settled in the civil courts, however, laws have two features, state and federal and whenever applicable the federal ruling is the governing law. ContrastThe judicial system in terms of the courts is time consuming and the pretrial hearings can be a lengthy task, the courts that will hear the case is also determined by the monetary remedy that is asked by the plaintiff. References Supreme Court System, American intelligent System Quick MBA, Law and Business http//www. quickmba. com/law/sys/, viewed July 30th 2012. healthcare Reform Ruling study FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS ET AL. v. SEBELIUS, escritoire OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, ET AL http//www. supremecourt. ov/opinions/11pdf/11-393c3a2. pdf, viewed July 30th 2012. Definition of Tort The Lectric Law Library LECLAW. com, http//www. l ectlaw. com/def2/t032. htm, viewed July 30th 2012. 1 . A tort is an act that injures psyche in some way, and for which the injured person whitethorn sue the wrongdoer for damages. wakelessly, torts are called civil wrongs, as opposed to criminal ones. (Some acts like battery, however, may be both torts and crimes the wrongdoer may face both civil and criminal penalties. )Law 531Traditional and Nontraditional Litigation Systems Law/531 July 30, 2012 The traditional legal system of utilizes law as it is foundation for all decisions. Laws in the United States have four sources constitutional, statutes and ordinance, common law and administrative. The features of these four are * Constitutional Law is based on a formal archive that defines broad powers. Federal constitutional law originates from the U. S. constitution. State constitutional law originates from the individual state constitutions. Statutes and Ordinances are legislation passed on the federal, state, or local level s. * Common Law is based on the concept of precedence on how the courts have interpreted the law. Under common law, the facts of a particular case are determined and compared to previous cases having similar facts in order to vex a decision by analogy. Common law applies mostly at the state level. It originated in the 13th century when royal judges began enter their decisions and the reasoning behind the decisions. * Administrative Law federal, state, and local level.Administrative law is made by administrative agencies that define the intent of the legislative body that passed the law. These four steps are used to structure and interpret laws to remedy situations as they arise the enforcement occurs at three levels and they are called courts. The Supreme Court, Appellate courts and mental testing courts, in the business environment the trial court is a ordinary choice because it handles the civil disputes and it is only when unique cases appear it is sent to be viewed by the Supreme Court for a ruling.Cases such as NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS ET AL. v. SEBELIUS, SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, ET AL. (Supreme Court of the United States 2011) otherwise known as the healthcare law which mandates healthcare for all, when this kind of law is in place and it affects the citizens on a whole that decision must be weighed against the rules of the constitution which is the law of the land. Alternative fight Resolution (ADR) this is the mitigation process where the end result is the agreement check to the process of litigation.ADR is the involvement of a third party to who is unbiased just now encourages a discussion between the parties. This features is particularly important to businesses because of this feature the discussions are private and so it reduces the negative publicity which may arise, the process is fast because it because the terms of the agreement is then presented to judge for his/her viewing and then a ruling is made . Finally, the agreement is also covered by a care of confidentiality which reminds both parties that the agreed terms must not be discussed.This oddball of discussion is helpful in mergers and acquisitions as is used in the school environments where a union supplies the employees. Comparison Both processes are features of the judicial system and the remedy is legally binding. Most times the remedy is monetary and the tort is settled in the civil courts, however, laws have two features, state and federal and whenever applicable the federal ruling is the governing law. ContrastThe judicial system in terms of the courts is time consuming and the pretrial hearings can be a lengthy task, the courts that will hear the case is also determined by the monetary remedy that is asked by the plaintiff. References Supreme Court System, American Legal System Quick MBA, Law and Business http//www. quickmba. com/law/sys/, viewed July 30th 2012. health care Reform Ruling NATIONAL FEDERATION OF IN DEPENDENT BUSINESS ET AL. v. SEBELIUS, SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, ET AL http//www. supremecourt. ov/opinions/11pdf/11-393c3a2. pdf, viewed July 30th 2012. Definition of Tort The Lectric Law Library LECLAW. com, http//www. lectlaw. com/def2/t032. htm, viewed July 30th 2012. 1 . A tort is an act that injures somebody in some way, and for which the injured person may sue the wrongdoer for damages. Legally, torts are called civil wrongs, as opposed to criminal ones. (Some acts like battery, however, may be both torts and crimes the wrongdoer may face both civil and criminal penalties. )

Remembering John Steinbeck Essay

derriere Steinbeck, and his pieces served non just an instrument hardly an inspiration of courage, strength and determination. He is a warrior and he fought for the right of the pack. He is one of Americas best generators and is best known for his novels. He started by experimenting with characters and thematic unity in his writings. He focused on materialistic values and social exploitation. He is known for his compassion for the short and the politic altogether in ally oppressed. His whole hold up reflects social issues, thus his running(a)s were subjected to criticisms. provided contempt all that, his whole caboodle gained popularity because of his realistic yet sensitive portrayal of mine run people. In the beginning of his cargoner in lit, his works were not know yet even after a few unsuccessful promulgated works, nothing stopped him from writing. His work, Tortilla Flat in 1935 was the one which made a turning point in his literary c arer. It was only then th at his works were recognized and granted credit. He believed that as a writer he has a responsibility to the readers, and so through and through his works he was equal to(p) to serve the people by creating social awareness.Through his works, he became the voice of the people, especially those who are oppressed. Despite a lot of criticisms, he proved himself worthy and used literature as an instrument to sour forbidden for what he believed is right. Literature is as old as speech. It grew out of humane need for it and it has not changed except to become more needed. The skalds, the bards, the writers are not separate and exclusive. From the beginning, their functions, their duties, their responsibilities have been decreed by our speciesthe writer is delegated to declare and to watch over mans proven capacity for extensiveness of heart and reputation for gallantry in defeat, for courage, compassion and love. In the endless war against sufficelessness and despair, these ar e the bright rally flags of hope and of emulation. I hold that a writer who does not passionately believe in the perfectibility of man has no dedication nor any membership in literature. (Steinbeck) John Steinbecks works created impact despite criticisms. He was able to portray in his works the life of the people, which created social consciousness.His writings are base on experiences, and is a mirror of the many various lives of people. This is wherefore I believe, the reason why he gained popularity in his works. He had this connection with the readers, he was able to view distributively reader relate to the characters in his works, and made them feel that mortal was brave enough to stand up and tell the world what the people are going through. He was concerned with the welfare of the people. Through his writings, he became their voice, their inspiration, their salvation.Steinbeck endures because he does not permit readers to complacently dig in, like the solitary confinem ent crab. He embraces the fullness of life. With compassion, tolerance, and humility, he surveys landscapes of place, of spirit, of a nation. (Shillinglaw) According to an author survey by Amber Garret John Steinbecks ability to commix realistic social givens with characters of depth and vitality are what make his literature paramount. In order to support his desire to write, Steinbeck worked in various different jobs, many of which were among the working class laborers in atomic number 20.It was this direct experience with the working class community that gives his writing an element of authenticity and richness. He created novels and stories that did not only address the social issues of his era, but as well as represent Californias history. Each novel has characters that will stick with the reader pine after the have is finished, revealing his obvious unsurpassed talent as a writer. John Steinbecks writing style evolved from a accomplishment of realist naturalism as seen in The Grapes of Wrath, to more sentimental tone depicted through novels like East of Eden.He evokes both the good and crappy of mankind in his stories through the use of symbolism and nature. John Steinbecks writing was not just a product of the imagination, but also a reflection of his knowledges and other life experiences. Although he is widely recognized by critics for his early years of writing, in my opinion, it is his later years that doom his greatest achievement as a writer. His ability to transform with time and allow his writing to grow and develop into other stages and styles are what make him a true pioneer of American literature. (Garrett)Steinbeck, despite of a few unsuccessful attempts proves that all mans efforts will be give of if only he would strive hard, work with passion and dedication and neer gives up. Like what he depicted in his novel, Man, unlike any other thing organic or inorganic in the universe, grows beyond his work, walks up in the stairs of his concepts, emerges ahead of his accomplishments. (From The Grapes of Wrath). Up to this day, John Steinbecks works are still wildly read and appreciated. He died in 1968 but he dedicated his life observing and reflecting the human condition through his works.He dealt with the economic problems of the rural labor. He showed his sympathy and concern to the oppressed, to the wee people being empowered by the rich and in power. He immortalized strength and courage in the human spirit. His life and his writings go forward an inspiration to a lot of people. Whatever his experiment in fiction or journalistic prose, he wrote with empathy, clarity, perspicuity In every bout of honest writing in the world, he noted in a 1938 journal entry, there is a base theme. savour to check men, if you understand each other you will be kind to each other. crafty a man well never leads to hate and nearly everlastingly leads to love. (qtd. Shillinglaw) Steinbecks Of Mice and Men is one of the bes t examples of how Steinbeck depict the social condition of the people in his hometown Salinas, California. Steinbeck dedicated a part oh his life writing about the people of his place. In the novel of mice and men, he reflected the lives and problems of the working people. about of the characters he used in this go for are immigrants from Mexico and from other places in America who came to California with such hope of finding a transgress life. The novel was set in Salinas Valley, where he was born.A place he dedicated a part of his life to. A place he knew so well. A place he knew all his life. The place described in the book was very similar to the place he grew up in. The novel is about two migrant workers and is set during the Great notion in 1930s. Main characters George Milton and Lennie Small, portrayed two migrant agricultural workers on a ranch in California who both dreams of having their own ranch. But their dreams were hindered by the harsh reality of materialism an d greed. This novel present how dreams of the straightforward can be broken but this also proves how a friendship can mend someones broken dreams.They held on to each other with such hope that someday their dreams will be fulfil but then some dreams are meant to remain a dream. Steinbeck was able to relay important lessons in life, through his writings. And his works were written based on his own experiences and observation on the people around him and the environs he lives in. Steinbeck received a lot of negative criticism on his works but his works also touched the lives of many people. volume continue to read and appreciate his works up to this day. Despite all the criticisms, a lot of people believed in his writings. In an article on why read John Steinbeck written by Dr.Susan Shillinglaw, she said Steinbeck reaches out a fictional hand. Emotional bonds are forged between book and reader. Solace and laughter and commitment are what many readers discover in Steinbecks work. I n every bit of honest writing in the world, he wrote in the late 1930s, there is a base theme. Try to understand men. And Steinbecks ghostly voice of understanding and solace endures, glorifys. In his album The Ghost of Tom Joad, Bruce Springsteen pays tribute to the power of those interior landscapes characters whose lives are often desolate, besieged, unacknowledged.Ill be ever where, promises Tom Joad, Ill be in the way guys yell when theyre madOther reasons, every bit compelling, insure that John Steinbecks voice will not diminish. A distinguished scholar of American literature, John Seelye, repeatedly intones Steinbeck is a great read. Stories are readily understood. Characters engage, inspire, enrage. My students love East of Eden best of all his novels Its like a soap opera, one said this spring. Cathys a kick. Good and evil face off in this book and others. They live. Recently, a class spent 50 minutes discussing whether George needed Lennie as much as Lennie needed Geo rge.Readers return to books that are, like close friends, reliable, accessible. entertaining, and permit Steinbeck never again be pilloried by the old complaint that hes a writer only for adolescent readers challenging and perplexing. The Nipponese have a vigorous Steinbeck Society, over 150 strong. why are his books so popular there? For many international readers, Steinbecks work captures the elusive American psyche bonds to land, the need for a place. Many of Steinbecks stories are archetypal restless migrants moving west to begin anew.Steinbeck endures because he does not permit readers to complacently dig in, like the hermit crab. He embraces the fullness of life. With compassion, tolerance, and humility, he surveys landscapes of place, of spirit, of a nation. Today, Steinbecks life and works is remembered and is given tribute through the National Steinbeck Center, located in Salinas California. It aims to continue to help enrich the community and the lives of the people t hrough his works. The center is dedicated to inspire audiences to learn about human nature, literature, history, agriculture, and the arts.Works CitedDirks, Tim the grapes of wrath http//www. filmsite. org/grap. html Garret, Amber. John Steinbeck http//eprentice. sdsu. edu/F044/agarrett/Steinbeck. html National Steinbeck Center http//www. steinbeck. org/MainFrame. html Shillinglaw, Dr. Susan. The Martha Heasley Cox Center for Steinbeck Studies Why Read John Steinbeck? http//www. steinbeck. sjsu. edu/works/ORWhy. jsp Steinbeck, John. The Martha Heasley Cox Center for Steinbeck Studies John Steinbecks Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech http//www. steinbeck. sjsu. edu/works/NobleSpeech. jsp

“A Question of Torture” by Alfred McCoy

In April 2004, the American overt was stunned when CBS Television circularise photographs from Abu Ghraib prison, showing Iraqis naked, hooded, and contorted in humiliating positions while U.S. soldiers stood over them, merry. (p.5)Here Alfred McCoy starts his narration. His book A indecision of Torture is labeled as a penetration study of fifty years American participation in torture propagation, research and practice. The book reveals degrading and inhumane treatment, cruelty and dark in US history intensified by tragic in-person case studies and experiences.The writer deepens in why the tortures were sued, where they were implemented and what the consequences were. It is known that CIA had fatigued millions of dollars on torture research and the author writes that it combined self-inflicted pain with sensory deprivation with the eternal purpose of creating revolutionary psychological approach. The goal was to contract the first innovation in torture Still, if genius is th e discovery of the obvious, therefore the CIAs perfection of psychological torture was a major scientific turn of events point, albeit unnoticed and unheralded in the world beyond its secret just houses. (p.7)The primary techniques in torturing were hooding, isolation, extremes of hot and cold, hours of standing without opportunities to move or to change body position, manipulation of time. In such a behavior CIA had managed to destroy victims senses and his personal identity. All these techniques are claimed to have a bun in the oven been utilise in Vietnam, Iraq, Iran and Central America. For example, Washington is argued to refer to torture in CIAs prisons and torture-friendly countries.Nevertheless, information obtained through torturing is really worthless as victims were ready to acknowledge their fault even if they were not guilty. McCoy says that the agency used electric shocks and recruited peopled like, for example, Kurt Plotner. The author concludes that the simples t and cheapest methods work the best and, what is more awful, public accepted them more than physical violence.Book DiscussionI think that the book A Question of Torture is really shocking and impressive study as the author reveals the most contradictive and painful pages of American history.Nevertheless, the book contributes historical filed as McCoy tends to give neutral and realistic examples how tortures were used by CIA and where they were used. The author frames historical victimization of tortures stressing they are sanctioned. He seems to be very concerned with the diminished standards of American nation.However, I agree with McCoy that tortures are rarely affective and it is simply a like looking for a needle in haystack. The book teaches us that once torture is implemented, it results in mass tortures as, for example, tortures in Argentina and chili pepper during their dirty wars. Moreover, mass tortures are linked to increased rates of legal killings.

Northwest Airlines Confronts Change

Deregulation of the airline indus filtrate in 1978 change magnitude competition, new travelers needs, problems, strikes, concern ab prohibited the safety of aircraft, oil crisis problem northwestern has a reputation for being very conservative financial manoeuvre and kind rules work very hard. Despite the six years since the starting time of deregulation, Northwest does non yet have the technological capabilities (electronic reservation systems ) or human skills that are more customer-oriented and service.Steve Rothmeier took over the management and committed to his attitude a psychological quite a little Myers to help change the com strength (potentially belligerent environment) in depth Have more balance between mgmt and workers absorb more service-oriented Rothmeiers Story Part 1 The strong point of the friendship is the trust and employee pride The main weakness is meatism (95%). Dr. visions job is to lift supervisors and managers to adopt a more participatory ro le.Ken style (bearded donnish) Is quite different from mgmt in go under (weird) He did non rank high non to be perceived as a member of mgmt but is a general help to communicate, realise the problems of organization and motivation, to pass messages. Northwest is now in a strong position on the domestic market with a strong presence The near difficult thing is to maintain this leading position and that change offer help. A peculiarity of such a large aviation fraternity is that people are still running and it is therefore difficult to bugger off factual messages. Rumors faster than new.Drivers etc are dif ficult to gather to stunher (via cassettes solution does not really work either for channeling rumors). The efforts of Dr. Ken led the company to call on4thin customer service. To deal with all major operators in 1986 announced Rothmeier acquiring Republic Airlines (Minneapolis, stpaul). Kens Story Part 1 Arrived in 1985 in an organization where there is no No marketing (a nd sellers), no HR (relations punitive, negative), no operations (old infrastructure). For him this represents a great challengeI was coming out there to do my magic. We do not give unfortunately not re s sources or view he asks. He gives the first 6 months to build a network of relationships (as a politician) and to gather information on the organization. to build myself into the system, and to build more or less k nowledge and credibitiliy. In me me time, travel and visit for a maximum come upon confidence and Co-operation of employees, he immersed himself as much as possible to sympathise the pr e occupations workers (hostility, emotions, frustrations, difficulties). Finally, it refers to Rothmeier regularly its experience, and interpretation of events it becomes necessary.They establish a person-to-person relationship. Mission Dr Kenanalyze the market-gardening and lead to a culture more oriented to meet customer and people oriented. Build a new spirit, professionalism, p ride in the company. Develop and conduct the training that forget support these goals, and destroy processes that go against the expected change Rothmeier someone has the catch Who Does not care about people. Ken launches campaign with logo pin and People Pride Performance with party and announced in the newsletter.It is also launching a 3-day program for supervisors on communication and behavioral techniques. Managers were able to meet and talk. It also reviews with a mixed group of employees in the form of performance that everyone hates. Despite these small successes, Dr. Ken is frustrated because Steve does not follow at financial support (buying a projector ) and Ken pushed farther and faster than it wants to move. Regarding the merger, Dr. Ken believes that the two companies have not prepared large fusion of cultures (service-oriented old militaristic structure) with team building and planning.The merger took place in October 1986, and 33 500 employees and the company is nowthe5th largest misfortune sector. Rothmeiers Story Part 2 He wants to merge all departments and systems at once. Disaster very fast Flight delays, double-booking of passengers, baggage lost, numerous logistic problems, etc Not to mention the war between the two worlds unionists from each company. employ inequality, cuts in wages etc.. Unions of Corporate Republic Planned program has HAD to try and destroy the service levels of the airline company and bring the knees to icts.They destroy the build of Rothmeier in the press, pretending to be a boss who does not communicate. Thinks Steve at it again, it would impose more control over the merger (procedures, discipline, structure). He original death threats and tone hardens with unions in daily confrontations. A plane crashes in Detroit 156 dead. Kens Story Part 2 We could have avoided many of the problems by unwrap planning Prepare employees how their jobs and responsibilities would change. As he predicted everything that i s finally produced, seen as a prophet and called for advice.He then feels really good. except the company continues to suffer, the operations do not work. He launched the Crew Chief and Supervisor Academies for one workweek seminar for leaders Very positive effect on the leaders, but stage set of Trade Unions (vandalism ). Rothmeiers Story Part 3 Meeting all employees knotty in the incident and sharing his experiences with them and listen. The publics reaction is amazing Complaints about incidents that neer occurred on flights that do not exist. But catharsis effect for employees who understand that change is necessary.Ken then starts to dialogue programs to deal with problems without the intervention of management etc.. corking success. Ken enthusiastic people. The barrier decreases with the unions but Ken gets the status of stave Vice President which provides a barrier with Steve. It loses its power to influence employees, it exceeds the limits of its competency and loses gen eral aid. 1988 is the year of profits, union agreements and reduced passenger complaints. But hostile takeover of Marvin Davis we regret the time wasted in wars union Kens Story Part 3For him, the company has managed the post-crash exemplary manner. This unit employees and accelerated integration. Ken launches On-the-lineFor managers. The program Operation BreakthroughIs his greatest achievement over 9 months. Another merger announced in 1989 and Steve is more occupied with that. This undermines the relationship with Ken and Ken frustrating. Budget Ken is also reduced. With the sale of the company, Ken feels that collaboration ends. According to him, Northwest has never been sufficient resources to carry out the change. Report KenTo achieve integration it takes 3 things Indoctrination Reduce the anxiousness of change, take care of personal and professional needs, identify themselves with the company and get to carry out his work. Should be informed about the position, benefits, p rivileges, new rules of night club etc.. Socialization Symbols info continuously playing field, trainings, team building, to strengthen the organization, and not to leave the hands of the unions. Organization Clarifying roles, reduce potential conflicts, alter communication, solved problems together and ion accelerating natural processes.

Eco- Resort

Hotel and remedy heed Assignment Diploma Fall 2012 TitleGrowing crook Eco- recompenses instillMr. Hailst peerlesss FromKaty Hui Man Ying CourseDiploma 2 Submission Date calendar week 15 Word count1,553 Table of Contents Introduction3 Criteria of Eco-resorts4 6 Benefits of Eco-resorts6 7 Considerations on Eco-resorts7 8 Conclusion8 References9 10 Introduction There argon researches through with(p) by the United Nations surround Program (UNEP, 2005) indicate that, from 1994 to 2004, the international frugal sector of tourism industry has great(p) by 25%, bestow to 10. % of the dry lands total GDP. To aid the growth of tourism, the UNEP, connected with the human race Tourism Organisation, has released the report titled Making Tourism More sustainable A Guide for Policy Makers. The report emphasizes the importance of tourism hoteliers to withstand efficient effort to maintain the environmental sustainability. According to World Wildlife breed (2010), eco-resorts atomic number 18 types of resorts in which eco-efficiency measures are adopted throughout the lifecycle of the building, ranging from orientation, program, operation and maintenance.Dowling (2000) also defines the eco-resort, quoted as followings An eco-resort is a self-contained, upmarket, nature-based accommodation facility. It is characterised by environmentally clear design, development and management which minimizes its adverse impact on the environment, particularly in the athletic fields of skill and waste management, water conservation and purchasing. (Dowling 2000 165). To summarise the above, eco-resorts are not just focusing on the operation process, but from the concept design until the sustainability of the on-going policies.This paper is going to explore the principles of eco-resorts, also analysing the gets and the disadvantages of eco-resorts. Criteria of eco-resorts The Sharetime Magazine (2011) suggests that eco-resorts include the national of re- single-valued fun ction, re-cycle and fasten. As mentioned before, in read to cl steer that is an eco-resort, there are some(prenominal) criteria to be covered. environmental factors should be considered during the design stages of the resort. Murphy (2008) suggested that the landscape features select to be appealing to guests and efficient to ope swan.Bohdanowicz (2003) headered out that resorts are built to appropriate comfort and services twenty-four hours a day, year round. This shows that the uptake of the resorts is massive and non-stop. gullible-orientated landscape features stack be added during the design stages in order to carry out the green policies in the operations. One of the most earthshaking models of green-orientated landscape is the green roof. According to the EPA, the United States environmental Protection confidence (2012), a green roof is a vegetative layer grown on a rooftop.The green roof helps cool down the temperature in the area through evapotranspiration. Dur ing the process of evapotranspiration, water from the rooftop soil is accepted and enters the plants in the transpiration process. The water is then evaporated by the sun through evaporation (Wark, 2010). The new(prenominal) main benefit from implementing a green roof is that the air graphic symbol will be improved by a green roof (Martin, 2008). It works as a natural air-cleaner as green plants absorb carbon dioxide, the most common automobile emission, and release oxygen.In addition, as resorts are massive in faculty consumption, it is efficient and beneficial to design a building-integrated photovoltaic. The building-integrated photovoltaic is solar electricity systems which are built into a building, rather of added on a building later (Gold glide naught, 2012). Solar energy is known as one of the most effective renewable energy source. The research carried out by Roisin (2012) points out that the amount of incident solar energy on earth severally year equals to 1500 ge neration the worlds annual energy use.Apart from the green-orientated landscape features, there are bantam designs that can foreplay in the design of the resorts. For example, the resorts can design to use energy saving clean-living bulbs such as LED light bulbs to belittle the energy consumption (Eartheasy. com, 2012). Another idea is to create policies that aim at being eco-friendly. In the aspect of transportation, electric cars can be used within the resort area, to minimise the exhaust emission (Dissabandara, 2010). In the aspect of technology, nowadays the Key Activated system is common in most of the resorts (Entergize, 2012).The system is designed to reduce the energy consumption to marginal level in the resorts while the room is unoccupied. It automatically detects the room locating and switches the energy on and off. This reduces the unnecessary waste of energy approach by the guests. In the aspect of daily operations, there are several slipway to be green. The re-us e towels policy based on guest prayer helps save energy and water for washing laundry. According to the Pacific embed (2011), toilet flush volumes in the resort confine declined significantly in the past 25 years, decreasing from 6 gallon per flush in 1980s to the new volume 1. gallon per flush in 2001. In addition to that, the older showerheads have flow rates of an clean rate of 5 gallon per minute and 3. 5 gallon per minute average flow for the new ones (Vickers, 2001). The above changes in the resort accommodation greatly help minimising the consumption level of water within a resort. reprocess of wastes can also be carried out to ensure the environmental footprint of the resorts to be minimised. In order to help the customers define the eco-resorts, there is a third-party certification program, which is known as LEED, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design.According to LEED official website (2012), it is a nationally accepted organisation for design, operation and crook of high performance green buildings. With the LEED certification, the resorts can thus claim themselves an eco-resort. Benefits of eco-resort To introduce, the sustainability of two the course and the neighbourhood environment has become two important focuses in the recent years. Firstly, in the point of view of the resort owners, the eco-friendly concept can attract target market group which has awareness to the environment aspect.Eco-resorts leave behind a positive impression to the public, which is also a major sell point for marketing. LEED certified resorts can request a higher letting rates than the non-certified resorts (LEED, 2012). Secondly, standing in the position of a consumer, eco-resorts can be attractive to who is paying attention to environmental safeguard. They can enjoy themselves in the resorts without worrying about massive damages to the environment. Thirdly, looking on the environmental side, eco-resorts, for sure, is an absolute benefit to the envi ronmental protection.It is not just about the pass on effort, but also raising public awareness to environmental protection (Eco cat valium Hotel, 2008). Considerations in eco-resorts It is no doubt that going green for a resort is a contemporary develop trend and an absolute benefit to resort management. However, there are some constraints that asked to take in consideration during planning. First of all, focusing on the staff management, for sure that the staffs functional in a green resort should maintain the green policies carried out. The staffs need to be well-trained and willing to input effort into helping the resort to be green (Townsend, 2011).Individuals that are believed in environmental protection will be willing to do more work for the environment. This is one of the motivations to the organisation as keeping the resort green is a complex responsibility. Another point is at the financial side, the construction cost and maintenance fee of the building-integrated pho tovoltaic is higher than traditional electricity system (Sutherland, 2008). The hoteliers need to consider whether the cost is worth spending to operate an eco-resort. In addition to that, consumer behaviour is one factor which is not controllable.Even if the resort is encouraging customers to save energy and reduce wastes, they may still produce a lot of wastage throughout their stay. For example they may flush the toilet a few more times due to the fact that the decrease in the volume per flush. Therefore, it is an uncertain input to the resort. The resort can encourage the customers to be environmental friendly through marketing campaigns. Conclusion To summarise the above, it is a win-win strategy for both the business and the neighbourhood environment to go green as long as they are able to set up an effective plan roaringly.It is not just about recycling, but a complex concept with varied considerations. Designs, operation policies, financial aspect, human alternatives and customers behaviour are the major elements that are included in an eco-resort. They need to be linked and corporate with each other in order to set up a successful eco-resort. People nowadays pay more and more attention in environmental protection, sustainability is a growing concern to all industries. It is a trend for the hospitality to go green, as a small step of the resort can bring huge improvement to the environment.According to Murphy (2008), the resort should have a long-term vision and goals that matches sustainable objectives development strategy. go backs should try to minimise the ecological footprint, which has been proposed to be accounting tool that enables us to estimate the resource consumption and waste assimilation requirements of a defined human macrocosm (resort) in terms of a corresponding productive land area (Wackernagel and Rees, 1996). References Dissabandara, R. (2010). International Conference on Sustainable Built Environment. Eco Friendly Resort For T ourism A Case Study at Ulagalla Resort.Dowling, R. K (2000). Ecoresort. InJafari, J. (editor). Encyclopedia of tourism. Routledge,London 2000. pp. 165. Eco green Hotel. com. (2012). Benefits of Environmentally Friendly Hotel. usable from http//www. ecogreenhotel. com Accessed 20 November 2012 Entergize. (2012). Patented Entergize Key Card Technology. Available from http//www. entergize. com Accessed 17 November 2012 EPA. (2012). United States Environmental Protection Agency Green roofs. Available from http//www. epa. gov Accessed 15 November 2012 Gold Coast Energy. (2012). What is Building Integrated Photovoltaics.Available from http//www. goldcoastenergy. com. au Accessed 19 November 2012 LEED. (2012). Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design What is LEED. Available from http//www. leed. net Accessed 12 November 2012 Murphy,P. (2008). The Business of Resort Management. New York Routledge. Pacific Institute. (2011). Hidden Oasis Water Conservation and competency in Las Vegas. Calculation of Potential Water Savings at Resorts and Casinos. Radcliff, M. (2012). ways to stop pollution. Available from http//greenliving. lovetoknow. com Accessed 11 November 2012 Roisin, B. (2012). Sustainable Design Solar energy.Available from http// applied science . dartmouth. edu Accessed 17 November 2012 Sutherland, L. J. (2008). Solar Energy Advantages Disadvantages Solar Energy Problem Solved. Available from http//ezinearticles. com Accessed 20 November 2012 TATOC. (2011). Sharetime Green resorts how TATOC resorts are tackling environmental issues, 5. Available from http//www. sharetimemagazine. com/ Accessed 11 November 2012 Townsend, A. (2011). Malta Green Hotels Guide. Available from http//www. projectgaia. org Accessed 20 November 2012 UNESCAP. (2012). Fact sheet Eco-resorts and hotels.Available from http//www. unescap. org Accessed 13 November 2012 United Nations Environment Program and World Tourism Organization. (2005). Making tourism more sustainable a guide f or policy makers. Madrid UNEP and WTO. Vickers, A. (2001). Handbook of Water usance and Conservation. Waterplow Press Amherst, Massachusetts. Wackernagel, M. and Rees, W. E. (1997). Resort Development Handbook. Washington D. C. Urban Land Institute. Wark, C. (2010). ice chest than Cool Roofs How Heat Doesnt move through a Green Roof, Part 2 Evapotranspiration. Available from http//www. greenroofs. com Accessed 19 November 2012

Adulterated Food: A Serious Public Health Problem in Bangladesh Essay

Adulteration of pabulum with toxic chemicals harmful to wellness has reached an epidemic proportion in Bangladesh. The newspapers have dubbed it as the silent ca give of death. It is very difficult to find a sector of provender manufacture which is free of admixture. From raw veggie and fruits to milk and milk products to fish, meat and bear on pabulumevery diet item is contaminated. Almost every day in the news papers, newer and newer methods of adulterating newer and newer types of foods are reported. Carbide, formalin, textile vividnesss, artificial sweeteners, DDT, urea etc. are used rampantly for this pur point.Contamination of foods with toxic chemicals pose a serious threat to public health, especi solelyy in a country like Bangladesh where due to poor health literacy, level of cognisance is very piteous. Immediate effect of ingestion of such foods may be severe forms of diarrhoea (food poisoning), threatening life. In the long run, these chemicals in food adver sely affect vital organs such as the liver-colo red ink and kidney resulting in organ failure and/or cancer and thus, untimely outrage of life. There is no database in the country for these, but the recent rushing in liver and kidney failure patients in the hospitals is indicative of the deteriorating situation.Ironically, state from all walks of life is aware of the hazards of taking foods vitiated with toxic chemicals, but this noesis is not translated into practice. In a recent study, it has been found that though people are aware about the health hazards, they are nevertheless get and consuming these adulterated foods. Several explanations are made for this paradox absence seizure or unavailability of non-adulterated food, failure of the regulative agency to discharge and imbue out adulterated food, adulterated foods are attractive in bearing and costs less, cultural factors and food habits etc.There is no famine of laws and regulations to contain adulteration of food in Bangladesh such as Bangladesh precedent Testing Institute (BSTI) Ordinance of 1985, and the Pure intellectual nourishment Ordinance of 2005. to a lower place the purview of these rules come the following offences fake licenses, poor quality of food, inferior infrastructure and lack of maintaining hygiene, food adulteration, food impurity, incorrect information on food packages, selling products whose date have expired etc. However, the paradox lies in its sustained and appropriate implementation by credible authority.Occasionally, the regulatory authorities will be suddenly in an active mode, and rent mobile courts to penalize sellers/producers for selling contaminated products/foods. Then, there will be a lull for a hardly a(prenominal) days and after few weeks, business becomes as usual. So what is to be done? First and foremost, allegiance from the political establishment to wage a sustained campaign against these perpetrators of flagitious crime, and establish our f undamental cover to have safe and nutritious foodFor this to achieve, relentless enforcement of existing laws with the execution of highest penalty possible, awareness-building campaign among consumers, promotion of honorable practices among the business community with active involvement of the business leaders, and capacity ripening of public health labs to test food items for adulteration on the limelight are needed. The consumer rights groups should be more vocal and play active federal agency in developing a mass campaign/movement in the country Safe and unadulterated food is out human right Lets work together to achieve this. fare adulteration detectionFood Tea Leaves adulterator Iron Flakes spying fan out a small meter (2 afternoon tea-spoon) of the judge on a bit of paper. Draw a magnet over it. Iron flakes, if present, cling to the magnet. The identical test may be carried out to trace iron flakes from tea half-dust and iron filings from tea dust. Food Tea Leaves adulterating Leather Flakes signal detection Prepare a paper-ball. Fire the ball and molt a short(p) summation of the type on it. The heading of leather flakes emits an odour of burned-out leather.Food Tea Leaves extraneous Coal Tar Dye perception Scatter a runty amount (1 tea-spoon) of the take n a moistened white blotting paper. After 5 minutes, remove the test and examine the paper. A revelation of warped spots indicates the use of the dye. Food Coriander gun powder and Cumin Powder adulterator Saw Dust spotting harbor a little amount (a half of tea-spoon) of the smack. Sprinkle it on weewee in a bowl. Spice powder gets sedimented at the bottom and saw-dust floats on the surface. Food Green vegetables like Bitter Gourd, Green Chilli and others Adulterant Malachite Green espial sorb a small actuate of the have and place it on a piece of moistened white blotting paper.The impression of annotateize on the paper indicates the use of malachite green, or any ot her low priced artificial colour. Food Arhar nervous impulse Adulterant Kesarri Pulse spying Kesari Pulse has a characteristic wedge shape. Larger Kesari resembles Arhar (Tur). It can be unconnected by visual examination. Food Black Pepper Adulterant pawpaw Seeds staining Papaya seminal fluids do not have any tonus and are relatively smaller in size. Adulteration of papaya seed with Black Pepper may be detected by route of visual examination as too by way of smelling.Food Rice Adulterant Earth, sand, grit, unhusked paddy, rice bran, talc, etc. Detection These adulterants may be detected visually and removed by way of sorting, picking, and washing. Food stalk Adulterant Earth, sand, grit, chopped straw, bran, unhusked grain, and seeds of weeds. Detection These adulterants may be detected visually and removed by way of sorting, picking, and washing. CHEMICAL TEST Food coffee powder Adulterant Cereal starch Detection offspring a small quantity (one-fourth of a tea-spoon) of the standard in a test tube and add 3 ml of distilled water in it. slatternly a spirit lamp and heat the limit to colourize. supplement 33 ml of a solution of potassium permanganate and muratic sulfurous (11) to decolourize the mixture. The formation of gamey colour in mixture by addition of a drop of 1% aqueous solution of iodine indicated adulteration with starch. Food burnt umber powder Adulterant Powder of scorched persimmon stones Detection Take a small quantity (1 tea-spoon) of the sample and spread it on a moistened blotting paper. Pour on it, with much care, 3 ml of 2% aqueous solution of sodium hundredate.A red colouring material indicates the presence of powder of scorched persimmon stones in coffee powder. Food Jaggery Adulterant Sodium hydrogen carbonate Detection Take a little amount (one-fourth of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube. supplement 3 ml of muratic vitriolic. The presence of sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate effects effervescence. Food Jaggery Adulterant Metanil yellow colour Detection Take a little amount (one-fourth of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube. make sense 3 ml of alcohol and succuss the tube vigorously to mix up the circumscribe. Pour 10 drops of hydrochloric acid in it.A pink colouration indicates the presence of metanil yellow colour in jaggery. Food Asafoetida Adulterant Resin and colour Detection Take a little amount of small parts of the sample in test tube. Add 3 ml of distilled water and perk up the tube gently. Pure asafoetida dissolves in water very cursorily and produces a milky white colour, but in case of adulteration with a chemical colour the mixture turns to be coloured. The purity of asafoetida may also be examined by taking a little amount of it on the tip of a force and placing the same on the burn up of a spirit lamp.Asafoetida burns quickly, producing bright flame and leaving the impurities behind. Food Gram powder Adulterant Kesari powder Detection Take a little amoun t (a half of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube with 3 ml of distilled water. Add 3 ml of muratic acid. Immerse the tube in warm water. taking into custody the tube after 15 minutes. A violet colouration indicates the presence of Kesari powder in Gram powder. Food Gram powder Adulterant Metanil yellow colour Detection Take a small quantity (a half of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube. Add 3 ml of alcohol. quake the tube to mix up the contents thoroughly. Add 10 drops of hydrochloric acid in it. A pink colouration indicates adulteration of gram powder with metanil yellow. Food Processed food, sweetmeat or syrup Adulterant Rhodamine B colour Detection The presence of this chemical colour in food is very easy to detect as it shines very brightly under sun. A more precise methods of detection is also there. Take a little amount (a half of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube. Add 3 ml of carbon tetrachloride and shake the tube to mix up the contents thoroughly.The mixture becomes colourless and an addition of a drop of hydrochloric acid brings the colour back when food contains Rhodamine B colour. Food Processed food, sweetmeat or syrup Adulterant Metanil jaundiced Detection Take little amount (a half of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube. Add 10 drops of muratic acid or hydrochloric acid in it. The appearance of rosy colour indicates adulteration of food with metanil yellow. Food Parched rice Adulterant Urea Detection Take 30 pieces of parched rice in a test tube. Add 5 ml of distilled water.Shake the tube to mix up the contents thoroughly. After 5 minutes, filter water contents and add to it a little amount (a half of a tea-spoon) of powder of arhar or soyabean. live for another 5 minutes and then dip a red litmus paper in the mixture. Lift the paper after 30 seconds and examine it. A blue colouration indicates the use of urea in parched rice. Food Turmeric powder Adulterant Metanil Yellow colour Detection Take a little amount (one -fourth of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube. Add 3 ml of alcohol. Shake the tube to mix up the contents thoroughly.Add 10 drops of muratic acid or hydrochloric acid in it. A pink colouration indicates the use of metanil yellow colour in turmeric powder. Food Green vegetable like green chilli etc. Adulterant Malachite Green Detection Rub the outer green surface of a small part of the sample with a liquid paraffin soaked cotton plant fiber. The sample is adulterated when the white cotton turns green. Food Dry red chilli Adulterant Rhodamine B colour Detection Take a red chilli from the sample and encumbrance the outer surface with a piece of cotton soaked in liquid paraffin. The sample is adulterated if the cotton becomes red.Food Dry turmeric root Adulterant Metanil yellow colour Detection Take a piece of dry turmeric root and rub the outer surface with a piece of cotton soaked in liquid paraffin. A yellow colouration of cotton indicates adulteration of turmeric root wit h metanil yellow colour. Food Sweet potato Adulterant Rhodamine B colour Detection Take a small part of the sample and rub the red outer surface with a piece of cotton soaked in liquid paraffin. The cotton adhering colour indicates the use of Rhodamine B colour on outer surface of the sweet potato.

Analysis: Computer Repair Shop

A computer repair obtain chooses to back up the users data if there is an issue with the owners computer software. so they just put in the operate system. What the computer repair shop doesnt do is reinstall the users applications.There are good and bad things about doing business this way. around of the pros are it is little time consuming, all of the users pictures, music, videos, and documents go out be O.K. up, and the computer will end up getting fixed. Doing it this way is less time consuming and that is both good for the computer repair shop and for the customer. Having everything backed up and the computer getting fixed are likely the two most important things to the owner of the computer.Despite all of the good things of restore the computer of software problems by backing up the computer and reinstalling the operating system there still are some cons. There is non really any cons for the computer repair shop. However, for the user they might not like the fact th at the person repairing the computer will not reinstall the users applications and programs.A user who just uses their pc for browsing the internet and checking emails wont accept a backup or any applications reinstalled. Someone who needs their documents for lop will need all of them backed up but will probably not need their applications installed for them because they can just do it them selves.

Dell Promotion Objectives Essay

dells gross gross revenue promotion strategies ar depended on the different type of consumers such as loyal guests, contests clients, Brand switchers, and prize buyers. A repeated purchase which is the gross sales promotion objective is very important for any attach to to urinate their goal. dell offers its customers an option to purchase on internet and to contact dell employees if they have any problems or questions. . Internet is the most efficient and purest remove model of dingle where consumers accesses not only buy the wares but too get service and support. Recently, the ph peerlessr recruits more than 2.6 million visitors in all(prenominal) week and form online marketing of Dell, fellowship earn more than $40 million in revenue per week. More everywhere, Dell sends off coupon, special offers and likewise eye catching display of new technology to the customers.PromotionsDells schema was built around a spell of internality elements build-to-order manufacturin g, atomic pile customization, partnerships with suppliers, just-in-time components inventories, indicate sales, market fractionation, customer service, and extensive data and development manduction with both supply partners and customers. Through this strategy, the company hoped to achieve what Michael Dell foretelled practical(prenominal) integrationa stitching together of Dells course with its supply partners and customers in real time such that all 3 appeared to be part of the same organizational team. Dells promotional strategies include1. Direct Sales Selling Direct to customers gave Dell primary culture or so customer preferences and needs, as well as dissipated feedback on design problems and quality glitches. With thousands of phone and fax orders let off-and-easy, Internet sales, and everyday contacts between the field sales force and customers of all types, the company unploughed its finger on the market pulse, quickly detecting shifts in sales trends and getting prompt feedback on any problems with its products. Management believed Dells ability to respond quickly gave it a significant advantage over rivals, particularly over PC makers in Asia that make big(p) business runs and sold standardized products through retail channels. Dell saw its indicate sales approach as a totally customer-driven system that allowed quick transitions to newgenerations of components and PC models.2. Market segmentation To make sure that separately type of customer was well served, Dell had made speco finer, more uniform categories. 90 part of Dells sales were to business or government institutions and of those 70 percent were to extended corporate customers who bought at to the lowest degree $1 million in PCs annually. Many of these large customers typically say thousands of units at a time. Dell had hundreds of sales representatives calling on large corporate and institutional accounts. Its customer list included Shell Oil, Exxon, MCI, hybri dization Motor, Toyota, Eastman Chemical, Boeing, Goldman Sachs, Oracle, Microsoft, Michelin, Unilever, Deutsche Bank, Sony and Wal-Mart. However, no one customer represented more than 2 percent of total sales. Because corporate customers tended to buy the most expensive computers, Dell commanded the highest ordinary change prices in the industryover $1,600 versus an industry average under $1,400. Dells sales to individuals and small businesses were made by telephone, fax, and the Internet. It had a call sum in the United States with toll-free lines customers could talk with a sales representative ab break specific models, get randomness faxed or mailed to them, place an order, and pay by credit card.The call centers were weaponed with technology that routed calls from a particular agricultural to a particular call center. Thus, for example, a customer calling from Lisbon, Portugal, was automatically directed to the call center in Montpelier, France, and connected to a Portug uese-speaking sales representative. Dell began Internet sales at its Web site (www.dell.com) in 1995 almost overnight achieving sales of $1 million per day. In 1997 Internet sales reached an average of $3 million daily, hitting $6 million some days during the Christmas obtain period. The fastest growing segment of Dells international segment was through Internet Sales. Internet sales were about equally dual-lane between sales to individuals and sales to business customers. 3. Advertising Michael Dell was a well-set believer in the power of advertising and frequently espo employ its greatness in the companys strategy. Thus, Dell was the first computer company to use comparative ads, throwing barbs at Compaqs higher prices.The company on a regular basis had prominent ads in such leading computer publications as PC Magazine and PC World, as well as in the States Today, The Wall Street Journal, and other business publications. In the spring of 1998, the company debuted a multi-yearwo rldwide TV campaign to strengthen its brand image. Recently, Dell India has launched an integrated marketing campaign for its Inspiron range of laptops. A TVC targeting the youth, created by blue-eyed(a) Worldwide, went on air across entertainment channels. This new campaign is base on stories of personal achievement. 4. Customer Service Service became a feature of Dells strategy. The company wins a guarantee of free on-site service. Dell contracted with local service providers to handle customer requests for repairs on-site service was provided on a next-day basis. Dell also provided its customers with proficient support via a toll-free number, fax, and e-mail.Bundled service policies were a major selling point for winning corporate accounts. If a customer preferred to solve with his or her own service provider, Dell gave that provider the training and write parts needed to service the customers equipment. Selling direct allowed Dell to keep close track of the purchases of it s large global customers, country by country and department by department the information that customers demonstrate valuable. Maintaining its close customer relationships allowed Dell to become quite knowledgeable about its customers needs and how their PC network functioned.Aside from using this information to encourage customers blueprint their PC needs and configure their PC networks, Dell used its knowledge to add to the value it delivered to its customers. Corporate customers paid Dell fees to provide support and service.. Dells strategy was to manage the flow of information gleaned from customer service activities both to improve product quality and drive execution. In recent months Dell, following Compaqs lead, had created a capital go group to assist customers with financing their PC networks.Virtual Integration and information sharingBut what was unique about Dells strategy was how the company was using technology and information-sharing with both supply partners and customers to blur the conventional arms-length boundaries in the supplier- manufacturer-customer value chain that characterized Dells precedent business model and other direct-sell competitors. Michael Dell referred to this feature of Dells strategy as virtual integration. On-line communications technology made it easy for Dell to communicate inventory levels and replenishment needs to vendors daily or even hourly. In this regard, a number of Dells corporate accounts were large enough to justify dedicatedon-site teams of Dell employees. Customers usually welcomed such teams, preferring to focus their time and energy on the core business rather than being distracted by PC acquire and servicing issues.5. Regional Forums Dell had set up a number of regional forums to stimulate the flow of information back and forth with customers. The company formed Platinum Councils composed of its largest customers in the United States, Europe, Japan, and the Asia-Pacific region regional meetings were held every six to nine months. Customers were provided opportunities to share information and learn from one another as well as exchange ideas with Dell personnel. Dell found that the information gleaned from customers at these meetings assisted in forecasting take up for the companys product. 6. Customized Intranet sites Dell had developed customized intranet sites (called Premier Pages) for its largest global customers these sites gave customer personnel immediate on-line access to purchasing and technical information about the specific configurations of products that their company had purchased from Dell or that were currently authorised for purchase.Demand ForecastingAccurate sales forecasts were the key to keeping cost down and minimizing inventories, given the complexity and diversity of the companys product line. Because Dell worked diligently to maintain a close relationship with its large corporate and institutional customers, and because it sold direct to small custo mers via telephone and the Internet, it was mathematical for the company to keep a finger on the pulse of bringwhat was selling and what was not. Moreover, the companys market segmentation strategy paved the way for in-depth understanding of its customers evolving requirements and expectations.Having credible real-time information about what customers were genuinely buying and having firsthand knowledge of large customers buying intentions gave Dell strong capability to forecast demand. Furthermore, Dell passed that knowledge on to suppliers so they could plan their production accordingly. The company worked hard at managing the flow of information it got from the grocery store and seeing that it got to both internal groups and vendors in timely fashion.Research and trainingCompany management believed that it was Dells job to sort out all the new technology coming into the marketplace and help flatus customers to optionsand solutions most relevant to their needs. The company talked to its customers frequently about relevant technology, audition carefully to customers needs and problems and endeavoring to identify the most cost-effective solutions. The companys R&D unit also studied and implemented shipway to control quality and to streamline the assembly process. Much time went into tracking all the new developments in components and software to ascertain how they would prove effectual to computer users.

Retailer Companies Essay

viragoAmazon is an online seller however in that location have been talks and news program articles of the social club planning to open a w atomic number 18ho office computer storage in New York City. yet being an online notwithstanding retailer means the company underside meet any customer target and offer obtain to anyone. This removes travel time, travel be and parking make ups which appeal to more(prenominal) customers. This can buoy also appeal to younger shoppers aged 16+ who argon un adequate to(p) to drive and must pay out a vast charge in travel fargon. There is also a big dig in the consumer area and they now have the ability to reach a worldwide target. Also being an online only business they can give specific and limited discounting to their products.New LookNew control is a multiple interject that usually located in an in town area. Being located in town has many advantages and disadvantages. ace of the advantages to being an in town store is the easy a ccess by both public and personal transport. However a disadvantage to this is the considerable travel costs both paying for tickets on trains or busses besides also petrol and parking costs. A second advantage in the allotted sale space can be increased and the store can have a larger floor space. However due to this the store costs more to rent and run meaning on that point are only a small amount of discounts the store is able to give.PandoraPandora is a multinational company using a multiple store which is usually located in out of town areas. Because of the area where they are placed they have a long travel time do the easiest travel option the car however you can travel to them on public transport but many involve changes and larger fares. However due to the travel costs the areas slightly reduce store costs and also allow free parking. This means that although travel time and cost is high it holds more appeal due to the lower prices and free parking. trump One Newsagents Best One Newsagents is a franchised business that is based in locallocations. The areas that these stores are in are specifically placed in accordance to the surrounding area. They will be in an area where there are many houses surrounding them so that customers have east when freeing to the store. Due to the fact of them being a local store they are smaller than others and are able to sell items at cheaper prices. This appeals to the customers so that they can get bits they need without going to supermarkets and paying a higher price. eBayeBay is an online only auction site where people are able to sell undesired items securely. This means they can sell items that people are looking for E.G a new iPad Air would usually be sold at retail price for 399 but on eBay a new but utilise one could be sold at up to a 90% discount and that could be a set price or they could use the auction and consumers could bid to see who will be the one to bribe the item. As this is a selling site you will need to flummox the money and many use PayPal as it is a secure demeanor to pay the money however you can just pay coin if you are collecting the item.

Organizational Behavior Study Guide Essay

Organizational Behavior is the downstairsstanding of how organizations take and how to have wad per remains efficiently. It is extracted from assorted argonas of study, and is interested in how these fields ar incorporated into litigateplace look.Basic Leadership Model k todayledge of OB x doingsal skills = loss leadership takingsivenessOrganizational Behavior 1) individual level is where members make sniff out of the world and derive indigence. 2) how teams function. How they deal, ethical decision making, and condition politics. 3) Organizational level how the firm is structured, selecting developing talent, creating sustaining a culture, manage change.behavioural skills facilitate team decision making, impelling communication, effective negotiation, use index wisely, and managers organization change.Organization change over duration theories become to a greater period complex and and yet much accurate but they ar harder to break since they be all base on the situation and culture limits the applicability of these theories also.Pre 20 century work was done from home/crafts, orgs were military and church, go game Smith division of labor and theories of use of machinery to save labor costs.1900 industrialism and fate production using division of labor.1920 scientific management fred taylor cult of aptitude line of work analysis, standardization, pay by exercise, training, and systemic selection. Classical management henry Fayle PODSC planning, organizing, directing, staffing, and controlling. Unity of command one leader, specialization doing one activity and mint got good at it so replacing was easy. Scalar chain the yields of an widening TxC input multiplied by constant. Span of control how mevery subordinates under control. During this time was 5 to 7 now its over 20.1930 Hawthorne studies by Elton mayo. Findings were that interaction in the test group had increased productivity feelings and supervision had man-size d effect in production. Informal groups also were formed due to interaction.1940 group dynamics when teams made their own decisions they required more information to be shared with employees and yet this was complex but made them have a sense of commitment to the antic. Bureaucracy with Max Weber job descriptions, special responsibility, written rules, proficient of appeal, fair and equal treatment and managing became a duty to rent.1950- Task leaders were only touch with accomplishing the task. Social leaders were concerned with employees. Limits to rationality suffice rather than maximize. There is a limit of how more than info. You erect absorb. Gordon Ho rise it asked for professionalism and more scientific knowledge.1960,1970-Systems thinking environment and organization explaining and predicting behavior. contingency thinking variables on factors. Leadership is contingent on many factors.1980 and now Mckribbin porter studies asked for more communication, and social s kills and cultural diversity.Leader-awareness will make a better leader. Biographical traits, personality, attitudes and values, ability governs your perception and motives. And perception and motivation influence productivity, absence, disturbance, and satisfaction. When hiring skills, attitudes and values, and personality are looked at if you blend in the organization and seem how well you work in teams. People who dont fit in will have low consummateance high absenteeism/turnover.Age-older hatful are little likely to be absent for avoidable reasons and more likely to be absent for unavoidable reasons. ( such as illness). Older plurality have les employment opportunities. Their job provides them with higher(prenominal) wages and pension benefits. productiveness there is no relation with age. Positive satisfaction 60+.Gender- no gender differences and no differences in productivity. Women are more likely to be absent because of children.Marital status- in ordinary married people are more stable, brings job to be more valuable, fewer absence and turnover rates, more satisfied. incumbency people who have been around for a yen while are likely to stay and there is lessen turnover. Tenure on previous jobs help predict employees future turnover. Promotes conveys loyalty. Extra endure leads to increased productivity.Ability skills that individual posses. Intellectual ability mental activities, thinking, reason and problem solving. Those individuals who have a high intellectual ability and work at jobs that do not challenge them become bored and deficiency motivation. Physical ability require physical traits for some jobs. ablaze scholarship self awareness becoming aware of yourself and your areas of strength. self-importance management workings without constant supervision. self-importance motivated ability to persist if there is set back ends or failures, social skills the ability to deal with others and their emotions, empathy ability to sense how others are feeling. Emotional intelligence affects job capital punishment as employees can relate to distributively other.Cultural Values experiences learned that shape our behavior. High low provide distance how equal or unequal you are between others in your society, u.s is low/democratic. Uncertainity avoidance preferring structure than unstructured. Cognitive dissoance when there is a inappropriate emotion or tension after making a decision. Refers to any incompatibility than an individual might perceive between two or more if his or her attitudes, or between his or her behavior and attitudes. nature heredity, environment, situations determine personality. Locus of control the degree to which people believe they are masters of their own fate. When we succeed we take credit for it, but when we fail, we file others. Internals in control of our destiny and are more satisfied and fewer absences. Externals believe their lives are controlled by outside forces higher absenc es and less satisfaction. extroversion social, assertive. Introverted reserved, timid. Machiavellianism pragmatic, emotional distant, ends justify means, aggressive tactics. High machs less persuaded, win more, manipulate more, flourish face to face and when theres no rules. self-importance esteem more confidence, higher risk takers. Self monitoring ability to adjust to external behavior and situations. High Self monitors aware of outside cues, and put on faces.Perceptions-input gives meaning to adjoin. Influenced by beholder attitudes, motives, interests, experiences, expectations. Target motion, size, background, akinity. Situation time, work, social. We judge people to find a behavior based on motives and interests.Attribution Theory- Attribution theory- Tries to explain the ways in which we judge people differently, depending on the meaning we attribute to a condition behavior. We attempt to determine if a given behavior is natively or externally caused. Assessed by 3 facto rs Distinctiveness- whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations. Consensus- is his chemical reaction unique or expected from everyone in a similar situation? Consistency- does the person resolve the same way over time? Fundamental attribution error- The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimation the internal factors when making judgments nigh others behaviors.Self-serving bias- The tendency for individuals to atribute their own successes to internal factors and blame failures on external factors. Frequently used shortcuts in decide others Selective perception- The tendency to selectively interpret what one sees on the rear end of ones interest, background, experience, and attitudes. Halo effect- the tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on a base of operations of a single characteristic. he is all good and nothing bad or vice versa.Contrast effect- Evaluation of a persons characteristics th at is affect by comparison with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristic. Ie. Someone being assessed right after an expert or someone that does a bad job will affect how you view that person. Stereotyping- Judging someone on the basis of ones perception of the group to which that person belongs.Profiling/Stereotyping- A form of stereotyping in which a group of individuals is singed out- typically on basis of race, ethnicity- for intensive inquiry, scrutiny, or investigation.Self- fulfilling prophecy- a situation in which a person inaccurately perceives a second person, and the resulting expectations cause the second person to behave in ways consistent with the original perception.Motivation- how much political campaign an individual puts aside to achieve organizational goals. Performance = motivation, ability, opportunity.Learning Theory environment determines an individuals behavior. honor of Effect(operant conditioning, or reinforc ement theory) behavior is a function of its consequences. People got to learn to behave a way to get what the want. Shaping Behavior- individuals behavior is determine by rewarding each successive step that moves them closer to a desired response. Positive reinforcement following a desired response with something pleasant, negative following a response by termination or withdrawal of something unpleasant. Punishment causing an unpleasant condition to eliminate an unwanted behavior. Extinction eliminating any reinforcement that maintains behavior. Applied Well pay vs downcast pay, lotteries, and recognition programs.Need Theory- the individual is in control of changing behavior and not the environment. Maslows Hierarchy Maslows hierarchy of inescapably. From Low to high.1. Physiological- food, water, shelter, bodily needs2. Safety- protection from emotional and physical harm3. Social- affection, belongingness, friends4. Esteem- self respect, autonomy, recognition, attention5. Self actualization- achieving full potential, growthAs each need becomes satisfied the adjacent need becomes dominant. A substantial satisfied need no agelong motivates. High order needs internally satisfied such as social , esteem, and self actualization. Low order needs externally and psychotic and safety needs. Extrinsic rewards such as pay tends to decrease motivation for something that was intrinsically rewarding.Extrinsic rewards given to someone performing an interesting task causes interest in the task. Two factor theory intrinsic factors such as advancement, recognition, responsibility, and achievement, are related to job satisfaction and extrinsic factors such as supervision, pay, company policies, and working conditions are associated with dissatisfaction. Hygiene factors these factors are conditions surrounding the job low order needs and people complain about and in order to motivate people on the job hertzburg suggests to try characteristics that people find intrinsic ally rewarding.Equity Theory- comparison of outcomes such as rewards and promotions, to inputs such as run, skills, experience, and knowledge to others in the organization and then respond to eliminate any inequities. Inequity (under rewarded) low performance and over rewarded performance will increase.Job enrichment (vertical)- is the vertical expansion of jobs, increasing the degree to which the thespian controls the planning, execution, and evaluation of his or her work. Expanding jobs vertically gives employees the opportunities, responsibilities, and controls that were previously reserved for management. Autonomy, feed back results, feedback channel, and recognizes individuals desire to grow.Job enlargement (horizontal)- is the idea to expand jobs, more tasks to work with, broaden the job. Skill variety, task identity seeing the job getting fully done, task significance allows employees to form natural work units where asks they perform create meaningful whole.Employee Invol vement Programs- allows orgs to focus on areas their workers know best. Gives sense of belonging, power, information, attitudes/values, and rewards move down the org, allows high needs to be satisfied, becoming motivated, committed, performance up, and satisfied. Line of sight things way too far away that decreased motivation.Expectancy Theory- belief that an employee will be motivated to exert effort when it will lead to good performance then reward and therefore satisfy its goals. Developed by Victor Vroom. Expectancy (effort performance) beliefThat effort will lead to good performance. Skills experience and performance clarity is satisfied. instrumentality (performance reward) belief that good performance will lead to desired outcomes. valency (reward personal goal) the degree to which org. rewards will satisfy your needs and how attractive they are intrinsic and extrinsic. Effort to perform = expectancy, instrumental, valance.Gain Sharing- a formula based on group incentive plan. Focuses on productivity cost conservation rather than profits. Relies less on extrinsic factors. Gain can overtake without profit.Skill based pay- pay levels are based on how many skills employees have. Technical, managerial, and social. Provides flexibility to perform diff. tasks and skills are interchangeable. Facilitates communication between people to earnings better understanding of the jobs. Downside, no promotions and there are limitations to how much you can learn before you top out. Timed training rotation semiannual shifting of an employee from one task to another. When employee becomes not challenged the employee is changed to maintain motivation levels high. distinction Theory- differs leaders from non-leaders. By looking at personal qualities to traits. Works well when in no structure or ambiguous teams. Leaders are born not made. Emergence of leadership rather than the leaders effect on performance. They have to be ambitious, energy, honesty, integrity, high self monitors. However, the theory may not work because fails to clarify the importance of different traits. Not a clear cause and effect relationship.Behavior Theories- assumes that leaders can be trained and the goal here is to develop potential leaders. The problem with these theories is that effective behaviors do not generalize across situations. Ohio studies 2 dimensions initiating structure extent to which a leader is likely to define goals and expectations. Leaders focus is task. consideration the extent to which a leader has a relation with employees, trust, respect for ideas, and feelings. The leader is people oriented and focused on the employees.