Gandhi Concept of Development

GANDHI’S WAY Decentralization According to Gandhi, modern civilization was responsible for impoverishing the Indian villages, which occupied a pivotal position in the Indian situation. Gandhi has always been a critic of the centralization of economic and political power. Large scale production inevitably led to concentration of economic and political power. Labor and material, production and distribution became the monopoly of the few rich. Such a concentration of economic power resulted in corresponding centralization of political power.Aldous Huxley, in his  Science,  Liberty  and  Peace, drew attention to this universal tendency of modern technology: â€Å"The centralizing of industrial capacity in big, mass-producing factories has resulted in the centralization of a large part of the population in cities and the reduction of ever-increasing numbers of individuals to complete dependence upon a few private capitalists and their managers, or upon the public capitalis t, the state, represented by politicians and working through civil servants.So far as liberty is concerned, there is little to choose between the two types of bosses. â€Å"14   One of the recurring themes in the writings and pronouncements of Gandhi is this centralizing tendency of technology: â€Å"I want the concentration of wealth, not in the hands of few but in the hands of all. Today machinery merely helps a few to ride on the backs of millions. â€Å"15  Again he said, â€Å"What is industrialism but a control of the majority by the small minority? â€Å"16   The solution to the problem of centralization consists in decentralization of political and economic power.Small-scale, manageable techniques, capable of being handled by individual producers, the co-operatives in the villages or the region should be given priority and promoted on a mass scale for the benefit of the masses. Gandhi, though judged wrongly by many, was not advocating a return to medieval techniqu es. He vehemently opposed the indiscriminate multiplication of large-scale industries which obstructed village development. He wanted technological research to be village-oriented, perfecting the cottage and village industries. When every village should be able to own its own technology, economic power will be diffused and the illage will emerge in the Gandhian scheme as the nucleus of social life. Decentralization of economic power will result in the decentralization of political power. Modern technology will no more be in a position to exploit the village. A proper balance between agriculture and industry will be established and, in due course, the village will exert a transformative influence. Production will be regulated by the needs of the village. Pyarelal has very lucidly described this relationship: Agriculture in this set-up will go hand in hand with industry.Such products of the village, as they enter into the daily consumption of the villagers or as they are needed for th eir cottage crafts, will be processed in the village itself; the surplus alone being sent out to the cities in exchange for services and goods on a fair and equitable basis. Cities will serve as emporia for village products instead of the villages being used as a dumping ground for the manufactured goods of the cities. Machines will not be abolished. On the contrary, the people will have many more of them. But these machines will be simple machines which the people can themselves operate and own individually or collectively. 7 This relationship between agriculture and industry, village and city, will stop exploitation and bring self-sufficiency. For him it was imperative that sufficiency should start from below, i. e. , from the village and then upward to the regional level. In Gandhi’s own words: My idea of village  Swaraj  is that it is a complete republic, independent of its neighbors for its own vital wants, and yet interdependent for many others which dependence is a necessity. Thus, every village’s first concern will be to grow its own food and cotton for its cloth. It should have a reserve for its cattle.Then, if there is more land available, it will grow useful money crops, thus excluding ganja, tobacco, opium and the like. 18 His village is self-sufficient in vital wants, but interdependent in many other spheres. Interdependence, while maintaining the independence of the village, is the keynote of Gandhi’s approach to village life. Society: Not a Pyramid, but an Oceanic Circle Gandhi described the organization of the society in the form of an ‘oceanic circle’. In this structure composed of innumerable villages, there will be ever-widening but never-ascending circles.Life will not be a pyramid with the apex sustained by the bottom. But it will be an oceanic circle whose center will be the individual always ready to perish for the village, the latter ready to perish for the circle of villages, till at last the whole becomes one life composed of individuals, never aggressive but ever humble, sharing the majesty of the oceanic circle of which they are integral units. Therefore, the outmost circumference will not wield power to crush the inner circle, but will give strength to all within and derive its own strength from it. 19He believed that all power resided in the people and that it should also originate from the people. The dynamo of power in a country like India should be the village. The village was to be a knot in a system of oceanic circles in which the remotest circle derived its strength from the center, i. e. , the individual. This would mean that sovereignty was not to remain concentrated at any one level. It was to be diffused among units rising horizontally till they reached the national level. In terms of political science, the residuary power remained with the village and the center was there to co-ordinate the work.Gandhi believed in Thoreau’s saying, â€Å"that governmen t is the best which governs the least. â€Å"20 Charkha (Spinning-Wheel): Hope of Rural Masses The message of the spinning-wheel is to â€Å"replace the spirit of exploitation by the spirit of service. The dominant note in the West is the note of exploitation. I have no desire that our country should copy that spirit or that note. â€Å"21   Gandhi again maintains: â€Å"I do feel that it [Charkha] has a message for the U. S. A. and the whole world. But it cannot be until India has demonstrated to the world that it has made the spinning-wheel its own, which it has not done today.The fault is not of the wheel. I have not the slightest doubt that the saving of India and of the world lies in the wheel. If India becomes the slave of the machine, then, I say, heaven save the world. â€Å"22   Hence, the message of the spinning-wheel is â€Å"much wider than its circumference. Its message is one of simplicity, service of mankind, living so as not to hurt others, creating an indi ssoluble bond between the rich and the poor, capital and labor, the prince and the peasant. That larger message is naturally for all. 23   Gandhi felt convinced that â€Å"the revival of hand-spinning and hand-weaving would make the largest contribution to the economic and the moral regeneration of India. The millions must have a simple industry to supplement agriculture. Spinning was the cottage industry years ago, and if the millions are to be saved from starvation, they must be enabled to introduce spinning in their homes, and every village must repossess its own weaver. â€Å"24  He wanted to make the spinning-wheel the center of all handicrafts. The spinning-wheel was a symbol of hope to the masses.The masses lost their freedom, such as it was, with the loss of the  charkha. The  charkhasupplemented the agriculture of the villagers and gave it dignity. It was the friend and solace of the widow. It kept the villagers from idleness. For the  charkhaincluded all the an terior and posterior industries B ginning, carding, wrapping, sizing, dyeing and weaving. These in their turn kept the village carpenter and blacksmith busy. The  charkha  enabled the seven hundred thousand villages to become self-contained. With the exit of the  charkha  went the other village industries, such as the oil press.Nothing took the place of these industries. Therefore, the villages were drained of their varied occupations and their creative talent which brought them meager income to supplement their limited source of income. Hence, it was suggested that the revival of  charkha  would result in making the villages economically self-sufficient. Gandhi had no doubt in his mind that the wheel could serve as the instrument of earning one’s livelihood and, at the same time, enable the worker to render useful service to his neighbors. In order to ply the wheel intelligently, he should know all the processes that precede and succeed spinning.This conviction d awned upon Gandhi even before he came to India, that the revival of hand-spinning alone could restore India to its pristine glory. He compared the spinning-wheel to the sun around which the solar system of the village economy revolved. It provided the golden bridge between the rich and the poor. Swadeshi: Antidote to Modernization Gandhi said that  Swadeshi  would mean that one should not serve one’s distant neighbor at the expense of the nearest. It is never vindictive or punitive. It is in no sense narrow, because it buys from every part of the world what is needed for our growth.We must refuse to buy from anyone anything, however nice or beautiful, if it interferes with our growth. Gandhi bought useful and thought provoking literature from every part of the world. One could buy surgical instruments from England, pins and pencils from Austria and watches from Switzerland. But one should not buy an inch of the finest cotton fabric from England or Japan or any other part of the world, because it could be easily made in India and to buy it from elsewhere would hurt the sentiments of those who work for their livelihood.Hence, Gandhi held it to be sinful for anyone to refuse to buy the cloth spun and woven by the needy millions of India’s paupers and to buy foreign cloth, although it may be superior in quality to the Indian hand-spun. â€Å"My  Swadeshi, therefore, chiefly centers round the hand  Khaddar  and extends to everything that can be and is produced in India. â€Å"25 Soul-Force: The Secret of Success Gandhi wanted to popularize the use of soul-force, which is but another name for the force of love, in place of brute-force. â€Å"Having flung aside the sword, there is nothing except the cup of love which I can offer to those who oppose me.It is by offering that cup that I expect to draw them close to me. I cannot think of permanent enmity between man and man, and believing as I do in the theory of rebirth, I live in the hope th at, if not in this birth, in some other birth, I shall be able to hug all humanity in friendly embrace. â€Å"26   Chapter 17, the most important chapter in the whole book of  Hind Swaraj  starts with the question whether there is any historical evidence of â€Å"any nation having risen through soul-force. â€Å"27  According to Gandhi, Tulsidas is a better guide here than are the Indian princes.Tulsidas and such other Acharyas taught that  daya(compassion) is the true ultimate basis of  Dharma  (duty) and, therefore, also of the  Dharma  that should govern the  Praja  (the ordinary people). However widespread the use of brute-force may have been in history, it is no reason to doubt the validity of the counter thesis. If the story of the universe had commenced with wars, not a man would have been found alive today. . . . Therefore, the greatest and the most unimpeachable evidence of the success of this force is to be found in the fact that, in spite of the w ars of the world, it still lives on. . . Hundreds of nations live in peace. . . . History is really a record of every interruption of the even working of the force of love or the soul. 28 Gandhi believed that Indian civilization had the potential to give to the world a way to achieve freedom without bloodshed and violence. To achieve this we have to develop the right relationship between  daya  (compassion) and national interest. The error of modern nationalism had been to take for granted that national interest divorced from  daya  is the ultimate principle of national conduct.He sees the distinct possibility of the national elite B the doctors, the lawyers, and the modern professional class taken as a whole B acting in their own interest, and exploiting, deceiving and oppressing the people at large in the name of the nation. They would be able to act in the interest of the  Praja  only if their nationalism is founded on the principle of  daya. For this one has to und ergo a process of inner liberation  (chhutkara). Gandhi shows how one can achieve this inner liberation. He now identifies the nation with the elite who are eager to have Home Rule.He insists that the elite have to undergo genuine moral transformation. For this they have to be imbued with a deep sense of real nationalism which is different from what the modern nationalism depicts. He wants them to be imbued with real love and to experience the soul-force within themselves. Only those who have undergone such interior transformation can speak to the English without fear or hatred. Only such transformed Indian nationals can really understand the threat posed by modern civilization and the promise held by Indian civilization. Swaraj: An Eternal Quest and Perennial ChallengeOne has to understand the true meaning of  Swaraj. In the first place,  Swaraj  is a mental condition of: (i) inner liberation from the temptations of greed and power offered by modern civilization, (ii) freed om from hatred towards the national ‘enemy,’ the British, and (iii) active love for the Indian  Praja, a love that can conquer the temptations of greed and power. Secondly,  Swaraj  is an external condition of: (i) political independence from alien domination, and (ii) life-long dedication to the task of improving the material conditions of poverty and caste oppression of the Indian  Praja.In concrete terms,  Swaraj  requires one to take a stand on brute-force and soul-force. â€Å"If there be only one such Indian,† Gandhi affirms, â€Å"the English will have to listen to him. â€Å"29   Attaining national liberation is not so much a matter of getting rid of the British as getting rid of the fascination for modern civilization which teaches the Indian elite to exploit and oppress the Indian  Praja  and establish their superiority.We have to liberate ourselves from the evils of modern civilization and fill our hearts with  daya,satya  (trut h) and  ahimsa  (non-violence). Only then would we become morally fit to deal both with the British and with the Indian people. Unless and until we are healed of the chronic sickness of imitating the West, ignoring our own age old tradition and cultural heritage, we will not be able to face any one else.

Criminology and Francis T. Cullen Essay

In this paper I will be discussing the classical school and the positive school and their relations to these current provisions 462.37., 462.39.-462.41 and 810 of the Canadian Criminal Code. After briefly summarizing these provisions, I will explain which law best represents the principles of the classical or positive school. Section 462.37 relates to classical school because it is a violation of the social contract. It also displays the use of fair procedure, proportional punishment and deterrence. It focuses on the deterrence of crime in comparison to the positive school where their primary goal is to identify features that influence crime and crime prevention. Section 810. accurately represents the positive school because it focuses on how the state can prevent the criminal from doing the crime. Section 462.37 outlines the Forfeiture of Proceeds of Crime where if one person is convicted of using the proceeds of crime to purchase goods or property, the state has the authority to co nfiscate it.(Criminal Code, 1985). This law favors the principles of the classical school in terms of deterrence, fair procedure and a violation of the social contract. The social contract is an obligation where the sovereign has the duty to protect individuals living under their rule in return for the people to give up their individualistic powers and live accordingly. Using the proceeds of crime to purchase desired goods and property is a violation of the social contract, because the profits were accumulated through illegal criminal activity. Due to this committed offence, a proportional punishment must be applied on the delinquent. The purpose of having punishments is to deter the offender from repeating the same crime; specific deterrence. In order to have a lasting effect on the offender, punishments should be chosen so it inflicts fear on them and is equivalent to the harm done. (Beccaria. 1983). Deterrence is based on a person who seeks pleasure and avoids pain, hedonistic decisions are made using the rational calculator. (Bentham, 1789). However, deterrence isn’t justified through the severity of the  punishment, but through its certainty and proportionality. In section 462.37 of the criminal code the punishment is proportional to the harm done because the state is only disposing the goods and property that he/she purchased using the proceeds of crime. (Criminal Code, 1985). Everything else will remain intact, unless proven otherwise. In any case, the punishments in classical school should be mild enough to exceed the pleasure expected from a crime. Anything beyond proportional punishment is considered as sinister and completely useless. (Beccaria, 1983). â€Å"Crimes are more effectively prevented by the certainty.† (Beccaria, 1983) What Beccaria means is that rather than having only a handful of offenders caught and severely punished, society should catch more offenders and effectively punish them in order to protect society. In violation of this law, the convicted offender must be found guilty through a humane trial. If the offender if found guilty through the fair procedure of the court, then a punishment can be applied on the accused. In the accused’s defense a trial is held to balance the probabilities of this offender using the proceeds of crime. Once the judge has made the decision of guilty, then Her majesty can dispose of the property and goods purchased through the proceeds of crime and otherwise in accordance to the law. Moreover, this section of the criminal code has a more classical scholiast approach because it allows for deterrence of crime through fair procedure and proportional punishment all because of the violation of the social contract. This law doesn’t apply the principles of the positive school because it does not act at the â€Å"root causes† of why the offender did the crime in the first place. This law serves the purpose to deter crime and punishing the offender proportionally, whereas the positive focus more on determining the causes and influential factors crime. (Gabor, 2010). The Sureties to Keep the peace, section 810, exemplifies that if an individual feels unsafe because of another person that might harm them or anyone in close-relations to that person. The state has the right to convict this offender to a recognizance. The offender must keep the peace for a given time or else the state can dispose of their desirable goods; however, if peace has been kept, the offender is freed. (Criminal Code, 1985). This law follows the concepts of the positive school because the goal is to prevent crime in order to protect society from future  dangers using a scientific approach. It also includes some aspects of Lombroso’s theory of the born criminal, using biological determinism.(Lombroso, 1911). The state’s obligation is to protect society’s individual me mbers from harm. Their duty is to recognize harmful behavior and then take actions to prevent it using whatever is necessary. In this provision the government has taken the duty to protect this individual who fears an attack coming by securing the offenders desirable goods and telling them to keep the peace or else they will dispose of the objects. The purpose of recognizance is to prevent future dangers the criminal might create. There is no need to wait for the actual crime to occur, but to take action to prevent it through the security and warning given to the offender to keep the peace. As seen in the law, the offence has not yet been committed; therefore, the victim relies on other factors to prove on reasonable grounds that this offender will harm the individual. Lombroso’s theory of the â€Å"Born Criminal† shows that the criminals are biologically different from non-criminals thus they can be identified using physical features. (Lombroso, 1911). For example, one would feel more comfortable being followed by a clean, well-shaved, harmless looking man rather than an ape-like looking impr ovised, homeless man. People unconsciously judge criminality based on the physical features of others. Biological determinism is the idea that crime is not committed through rational choice, but through other factors that they have little or no self-control over such as biological traits and features. In the provision the state has the authority to send the offender to recognizance under reasonable grounds and a convincing argument by the victim. This argument may include judging a criminal based on Lombroso’s theory of born criminal and biological determinism. Moreover, the government also has the duty to identify the risk and future dangers that this offender might display. Balancing the probabilities that the offender will actually attack the victim is taken into consideration when deciding the extreme of the conditions and the time period the delinquent will go into recognizance. However, if the delinquent does not keep the peace in the given time, their punishment may range from a fine, to the disposal of secured goods. Knowing this, if a criminal has this unstoppable drive and passion for criminality, then something like a $5000 fine, will not stop them from doing so. In most restraining orders what ends  up happening is the victim is attacked or harmed anyways, because today people have an uncontrollable desire to commit crime. Criminals that have a compulsive desires for crimes act indifferently to the consequences because of biological influences or desperate situations.The law excludes the punishment of breaking a recognizance, but one can see that a positivist would use trial, not to determine the innocence or guilt of the offender but to ask the question, will they do this again? They would also want to know where the offender would attack, who and why? From a classical school perspective, only the guiltiness of the offender matters so they can apply proportional punishment. This provision doesn’t exemplify the classical school because it shows that offenders do not have control over their criminal behavior, thus making it irrational. This law is based on the priority to prevent crime and determine its causes rather than to deter cr ime and inflict punishments on the offender using a scientific approach. Moreover, section 462.37 displays concepts of the classical school because it is considered a violation of the social contract; the deal that society gives up their power in return for safety. This provision also shows that this act was done out of rational choice by weighing out the consequences and benefits before committing to an action. Fair procedure is used to defend the rights of the offender; however, the main purpose is identify the guiltiness of the delinquent. Fair procedure in this law is shown when the state balances the probabilities of the proceeds of crime actually being used on his/her acquired property and goods. After the offender has been proved or has pleaded guilty, a proportional punishment is applied on him/her. In this case, the proceeds earned through crime that the offender used to purchase goods and property will be confiscated, everything else will remain. Section 810. represents the positive school because it is an example of how the state would protect society. In this provision the crime has not happened yet, one is only worried and fears and attack. Biological determinism is used to identify who would pose a threat; this is based on physical features. This law also focuses on the risk and future dangers the offender might display. Securing valued items of the delinquent is a method used by the state to prevent a future danger from occurring and lessening the risks. In conclusion the classical school is more about the deterrence  of crime whereas the positive school focuses on the prevention of crime. Works Cited Beccaria, C. (1983). An Essay on Crimes and Punishments. Francis T. Cullen, Robert Agnew Pamela Wilcox (Eds.), Criminological Theory: Past to Present (pp. 27-29). New York: Oxford University Press. Bentham, J (1789). An Introduction to the Principle of Moral and Legislation. Joseph E. Jacoby (Ed.), Classics of Criminology (pp.105-109). Long Grove, Illinois: Waveland Press. Gabor, T (2010). Basics of Criminology (1st Ed.). Ottawa: McGraw Hill Ryerson. Lombroso, C (1911). Criminal Man. Francis T. Cullen, Robert Agnew & Pamela Wilcox (Eds.), Criminological Theory: Past to Present (pp. 27-29). New York: Oxford University Press.

Personal Career Development Plan Essay

My nursing career started as a dream, a dream I needed to fulfill as my destiny. A childhood dream never diminishes no matter the time that may pass. My story isn’t one of great inspiration but means a great deal to me. I received an Associate degree in nursing May, 2004. That was a goal that I worked for while caring for a family with three small children. It wasn’t easy but something worth having is worth working for. The dream continues. Continuing my education is the next step in obtaining that lifelong passion. Short- term goals help you make big changes. In order to visualize your long-term goals leading to eventual success, you must first tackle the multitude of immediate realistic tasks right before you. Lao-Tzu, the Chinese philosopher said, â€Å"The journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step†. My short- term goal is to obtain a Bachelor’s degree in nursing by May, 2015. I have broken down that short-term goal into a smaller target to hit to obtain my initial short-term goal. The smaller target is to work towards my BSN one term at a time. When one thinks of doing something for simply eight weeks, it seems more realistic. Long-term goals are the â€Å"big picture† of what you want to do with your life in the distant future. They are usually at least several years away. Setting long-term goals are important for a successful career. My long-term goal is to be a Pediatric Nurse Practitioner by late 2018. My selected mentor is Jerry Martin RN, BSN. He is a co-worker that has inspired me to return to school and that any dream is obtainable. Jerry has a degree in biology and was working as a ward clerk in our ER when I met him. He has a degree in biology and worked in finance before working at the hospital. Jerry states† I was unhappy with my career in finance and I realized I had drifted a long way from my education and my core belief. During a conference a guest speaker said â€Å"true happiness is found when you find the one thing you would do in life even if you did not get paid for it†. That was my â€Å"aha† moment.† G.M. Martin (personal communication, September 3,2013) Jerry entered nursing school in 2006 and graduated with a BSN in 2011. He is currently working toward a MSN and striving to be a FNP. He is a great nurse and it is a privilege to have him as a co-worker and my mentor. After obtaining a BSN through Jacksonville University, I will enroll in an online nurse practitioner program. Once I receive my degree and am licensed as a NP, I will search for a job working with inpatient pediatric patients. A nurse practitioner is an advanced practice nurse that has received additional training and education of that beyond a RN. They help with all aspects of patient care. They can work in inpatient and outpatient care. A NP educates patients about preventative care and their prescribed treatments. They can also preform independently or as part of a team. Physicals, ordering tests, and serving as a patient’s primary healthcare provider are some duties of a NP. Some nurse practitioners are also able to prescribe medications. A nurse practitioner must first obtain a BSN followed by a MSN. After completing the educational program, a candidate must be licensed in the state they wish to practice. Each state has its own licensing and certification criteria. An entry level, competency-based exam for nurse practitioners must be taken. The job outlook for nurse practitioners is considered excellent. The average full-time salary is $90,770. The salary may be different according to different practice sites, duties and patient population. The NP may work a mo re traditional schedule or may work weekends, holidays or be on-call. There are some pros and cons of being a nurse practitioner. I will share my lists of pros and cons. Pros of being a NP are that the job outlook is promising, you have autonomy in practice, it is challenging, and the job is ever changing. The most satisfying aspect for me, is that you have the ability to take full care of your patients and work with them on prevention and treatment plans. Now, the cons of being a NP is that the job can be stressful, there are legal risks (malpractice suits), years of specialized education, and the possibility of being on-call. Being a nurse practitioner means that added responsibility is accompanied by added accountability which in turn is increased liability. In my opinion, the satisfaction you get from the job outweighs the negative attributes. You may think that being a nurse practitioner you are at the top of your career ladder. There are some ways a NP can have some professional advancement. Being promoted to director, taking a management position, or managing your own practice are examples of NP growth. It takes a tremendous amount of studying and dedication to earn a MSN degree. Setting specified time aside for studying and school work is important. Procrastination can be a damaging habit. I have arranged a study plan to help me be successful in this program. I plan on setting aside 3 hours every evening on my days that I don’t work for school activities. On the nights that I am scheduled to work I will work as I can on my school work during down times. With this study plan, I feel that it will give enough devoted time to my family and social life. Time management is key in organizing and prioritizing family, work, school and personal time. Time management planning puts some control back into your hands. I create a daily â€Å"to do list† that helps me identify the tasks I need to do. Prioritizing what I need to get done compared to what I want to get done is most important. Breaking down the week’s activities into daily duties makes me feel less overwhelmed then having to view a full week’s worth of activities. Delegating activities to family can help free up some time. Setting realistic time management goals can prevent setting myself up for failure. The stress of going back to school while tackling family and work responsibilities can be very overwhelming. I find that exercise is a stress reducer I utilize. Exercise also gives me private time to work out problems in my head. Keeping my mind and body healthy will help control stress. It is important to have good sleep habits. With my work schedule, I find it difficult to get adequate sleep. A new goal is to work on getting the pro per sleep needed to refuel my brain and body. Organizational skills, time management and a good support system are essential stress reducers in my life. Encouraging words and advice from family and friends means so much in times of need. Being a nurse is my dream, a dream I am fulfilling. This career I did not choose, it is my destiny. Education is the means that allows us to move forward in life. I won’t let fear stand in way of my education to achieve my dream. â€Å"When you find your path, you must ignore fear I won’t let fear stand in way of my education to achieve my dream. â€Å"When you find your path, you must ignore fear. You need to have the courage to risk mistakes. But once you are on that road†¦run, run, run, and don’t stop til you’ve reached its end.†(J.N. Harris, 2010) Reference Page (J.N. Harris, 2010) Retrieved from htp://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/path

Proposal paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Proposal paper - Essay Example ncreasingly explored if and how the Internet develops or impairs social skills development (Engelberg & Sjà ¶berg, 2004) and psychological health (Campbell, Cumming, & Hughes, 2006; Titov et al., 2008). Previous studies showed mixed results on the impact of Internet use on children, adolescents, and young adults. On the one hand, several researchers showed that high Internet usage can lead to Internet addiction, which can consequently contribute to the formation of poor social skills and adjustment (Engelberg & Sjà ¶berg 2004), including bullying behaviors (Schoffstall & Cohen, 2011), depression, and loneliness (Kim, LaRose, & Peng, 2009). On the other hand, other researchers learned from their studies that Internet usage can be constructively used to develop better social skills (Campbell et al., 2006; Titov et al., 2008), while other scholars observed from their study that the purposes of Internet usage can impact social skills development and psychological welfare (Ceyhan, 2011; Kim et al., 2009). However, these researchers have not examined how Internet use can lead to positive or negative effects on social skills. In particular, they have not examined if only certain uses of the Internet and Internet usage duration contribute to poor social skills and psychological health (i.e. using it mainly for entertainment or socializing with strangers), and if gender and age impact these positive/negative outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to review the research on the positive and negative effects of high Internet usage/purposes on social skills, and to provide support for the gap in literature that will spur further research. Do certain purposes of using the Internet and duration of Internet usage positively or negatively affect social skills? The independent variables are Internet usage and purposes of Internet usage, as well as gender and age, while the dependent variables are social skills. For the age levels, grades three to four are considered as young

Ancient Greece Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ancient Greece - Essay Example Some of the most significant Cultural Accomplishments during the Ancient Greek Civilization were as follows; one of the most noticeable accomplishments was in the field of Philosophy, many philosophers exhibited their talent in the field of Philosophy and gave rise to creativity by their influential philosophies. There were many temples built during this time but the most important of them all being the Parthenon "The classic Greek temple built on the Acropolis in Athens to honor the goddess Athena" (Ancient Civilization, 29 September 2008). These are just handful accomplishments which took place during the Ancient Greek civilization in the field of culture. During this time, Ancient Greek Economy was regarded as one of the best compared to the other Economies which prevailed at that time. In the section of religion, the Greek mythology is regarded as one of the best in the world; it provides rich history about the Gods and heroes which existed at that time. With regard to the Politi cal Accomplishments, the most significant of them all was Democracy which is followed by so many countries these days. People were free to vote and choose their representatives. When we look at the cultur

Culture and Psychology week1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Culture and Psychology week1 - Essay Example According to Browne and Keeley (2010) when we use critical thinking, we are moving forward in decision making. Gambrill agrees with this statement because counselors have to use critical thinking in order to make better decisions. As an example, a decision based on someone’s opinion is not be as grounded as one that is based on the counselor’s ability to critically think. Browne and Keeley also state that when we use critical thinking, we are better writers, thinkers and speakers. This to me means that we are not going off on tangents that can be clearly defined as opinion; instead, we have a basic foundation for what we are writing, thinking or speaking. B. Implications for not questioning information When a counselor does not question information, they are leaving themselves open for misinformation. They may not find all the information that is necessary to help with a diagnosis for the client. I liked the idea of the panning for gold technique that Brown and Keeley m entioned because when I thought about panning for gold, it means that someone is going through a lot of information to discern the small nuggets of information that have the best value. For me, this is what is being done when we are looking for information to help our clients. References Browne, M. N., & Keeley, S. M. (2010). Asking the right questions: A guide to critical thinking (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Gambrill, E. D. (2005). Critical thinking in clinical practice: improving the quality of judgments and decisions. NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Retrieved from http://books.google.com    The topic for my capstone will be addiction as it applies to teenagers. I find that many teens are addicted to one or more of the following: drugs, alcohol or porn. Many teens see porn as something that is unique and interesting, and because it has to do with sex, they think that it something they are getting away with. However, this can lead teens into thinking that sex is more about hurting someone than about love. Many teens see their parents drinking, smoking or using drugs, which often makes them curious. They want to know what their parents are doing and why they are behaving in different ways. Sometimes, teens are trying drugs, alcohol or smoking because their friends are doing it and they do not want to be left behind. Currently, there are 22.6 million teens who are dealing with some form of addiction and about 35 million families who have children who are at risk for some form of addiction (Christian Broadcasting Network, 2008). This lets us know that teenagers are in trouble and that something must be done to help them. Timeline Week Assignment 1 Identify the topic of the timeline after reading many articles. 2 Read information on the topic 3 Read information in textbook, journal articles, books 4 Spend several hours online finding articles for the topic 5 Collect literature articles for literature review 6 Summarize and critique the coll ected sources 7 Begin a draft of the capstone 8 Write the first few sections 9 Identify and write the main solution to the paper 10 Finish draft of capstone; edit draft 11 Finish final draft of capstone and turn it in. References Christian Broadcasting Station. (2008). Teens and addiction. Retrieved from

Creativity and Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Creativity and Innovation - Essay Example It results from lack of an income and the various gender biases that represent themselves in the society. The high incidence of poverty among women is attributed to the lone motherhoods evident in most countries of the globe. These women in poverty have little or no access to quality health care services and resources. Several factors affect this condition of feminization of poverty. These factors place women at the highest risks of poverty in the world. Despite the fact that low income is the main trigger of this condition, there are many interrelated factors of this condition (Costa 2008). Lone or single mothers are at the highest risk since their single income is insufficient to rear children. As a result, the3 possibility of the children to have a good education and better nourishment is reduced significantly. Low income results from the bias in most places to women as they try to search for formal employment. This cycle goes on and on deepening poverty among the women. Due to the increased number of unmarried women, it is important to examine their diverse causes of poverty. Moreover, poverty is often multi-dimensional thus economic, socio-cultural factors and demographic factors correlate to establish poverty. It is one phenomenon with various roots and manifestations. Lack of income is the primary reason why there are prevalent cases of poverty among women. Lack of a source of income leads such women to lack the basic needs (Chant 2006). It prevents them from attaining resources and converting their monetary resources into various levels of functioning. Women who have access to a higher income are able to access capabilities, which may significantly increase their income. Due to women earning less than men in some cases do, they lack access to basic education levels and quality education thus reducing their chances of earning a higher income. Deprivation of higher income passes on from one women generation

The importance of Spiritual Care in the Nursing Practice Essay

The importance of Spiritual Care in the Nursing Practice - Essay Example Through nurse education, students can develop spiritual self-awareness and be more apt to provide sensitive, spiritual care for other as they advance through development as a nurse (Shores, 2010). The purpose of this paper is to identify the importance of nurse education on spiritual care. Using critical inquiry, I will identify personal beliefs, assumptions and meaning on the subject while analyzing the importance of this care in practice. My spiritual development has been ongoing and will continue to be a component of my nurse education. I recognize that before I can begin to address the spiritual needs of patients’, I first need to address my own. I identify spirituality is an inner path enabling me as a person to discover my deepest values and beliefs; the ones in which I live by. Although I am not Christian, I continue to explore my spirituality and beliefs through Catholicism. I believe in one God made up of three persons and that Jesus Christ is his son. I believe the b ible is The Word of God written by men inspired by him. I believe in his virtues of honesty, truthfulness, respect, compassion, love, joy and more. I am a spiritual person inspired by his righteousness to be the best that I can be to do good as a person. In nurse education patient-care is much more than disease management; it involves the needs of the whole person; mind, body and soul. Addressing the patients’ spirituality should be a routine part of nursing care for many reasons. The first being that, religious beliefs and spiritual needs are common amongst patients, second, spiritual beliefs influence medical decisions, third, there is a relationship between spirituality and health, and the last, supporting a patients’ spirituality can enrich the nurse-patient relationship. Spiritual development is an ongoing, component of overall learning. Identifying student perspectives of these areas of spirituality can further their educational journey (Shores, 2010) Students ca n incorporate spirituality into their practice by assessing their personal values, beliefs. By doing so students are able to identify their own personal biases and assumptions and by incorporating a knowledge base of ethical practices outline by their institutions, legislation and professional practice guidelines. Ultimately, incorporating spiritual care in a patients practice can be identified by taking a patient’s history. Spiritual history gives insight to a patients’ value and belief systems and can be helpful identify spiritual distress. Spiritual history recognizes patients’ sources of hope, strength and comforts in the healing environment. Spirituality is generic Spirituality in nursing has two sides to it. One, spirituality observed by the nurse and the other, spiritual inclination of the patient. Therefore, a nurse has not only to be spiritual but also respectful of the religious beliefs of her patients. Only then, spirituality in nursing becomes wholes ome. It is strange that while religiousness is associated with well-being in health, nursing discourse involved in health care, has not attached much importance to spirituality that is concomitant with

Rhetoric of Apple Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rhetoric of Apple Marketing - Essay Example The positioning of the products is based on Apple’s differentiation and innovation which in turn lead to the creation of a loyal customer base. Furthermore the use of the ‘halo’ effect which initiated from the sale of the iPod has resulted in Apple being able to increase its overall market share and better position its products which enable it to take away its competitors market share. Another advantage that Apple has over its competitors is the fact that it invests a higher percentage of its sales to Research and Development, which In turns aids Apple to better position itself and benefit from the first movers advantage when it brings forth new products in the market, effectively capturing consumer preference and attention. There are many other key success factors which formulate to the core strengths of the brand which in turn become an important reason for consumers showing a preference for Apple products. These can be attributed to the fact that Apple has very dominant footing in the personal computer market because of its differentiated and innovative products as well as the ease of use. Apple develops its own operating system, which enables it to be free from the complexities of the dependence on Microsoft operating systems. This gives Apple a lot of flexibility and control when it comes to its products physical appearance, specification and their overall usability. Apple does all this and at the same time is able to keep its Macintosh computers well-matched with their existing PC computers. Furthermore the perception of Apple products being closely associated with fashion and the latest current trends make it a product that is high in consumer demand as well as preference. Apple manages to constantly release products that are in line with the latest trends and styles, like the latest iPod and Mac mini, due to its research intensive office environment. This effectively makes Apple one of the biggest innovators in the market and keeps i ts consumers interested by maintaining its reputation of introducing new and creative products and ideas into the market first (Ireland, Duane, Hoskisson, Robert, Hitt and Michael, 2011). Apple’s broad target market also serves to be of an advantage in the way it aids Apple to position itself and viewed as a full-fledged digital convergence company that aims to facilitate and reinvent a consumer’s digital life. Building on this uniqueness, developing a strong brand name and culture, is a main asset when it comes to Apple standing out among its competition. This can be seen in the introduction of all of its products from the iPod all the way to the multi-touch screen of its iPhone. Consumers today are a lot more engaged in a variety of technology based activities. A core understanding of this changing trend and the needs of the consumers which are entrenched in the digital lifestyle, whether it is a PC or a smartphone, is major strength of Apple. Apple analyzes such tre nds that are a part of the consumers’ lifestyle and then correlates it to the increasing consumer electronics demand in the market. Furthermore Apple strategizes to focus on increasing connectivity between its various products which helps it fulfill the multiple needs of its tech-savvy customers. This in turn benefits Apple to pursue the additional opportunities of the expanding consumer electronics market (Hogan and Kurt, 2011). When you talk about the popularity and success of

Does The CSR Practice Help the Wall Mart Organisation to Achieve Its Case Study

Does The CSR Practice Help the Wall Mart Organisation to Achieve Its Goals and Objective - Case Study Example Wal-Mart is a reputed store, still the employees and workers are not at all happy with its policies and rules. Due to which large amount of workers decided to leave the organization of Wal-Mart and migrated to various other regions of the world. As a result, it gave rise to the problem of labour shortage mainly in the region of China. Such type of corporate miss-behaviour gave rise to a new problem known as Wal-Martization within the organization (Chan & Siu, 2009). There are varied issues entirely related to the labour or wage violation: Minimum amount of wage is offered to the workers that’s almost impossible for the workers to live their life in an effective way (International Labour Rights Forum, 2012). The workers are forced to work for longer hours with very less amount of wages. The workers are forced to work for more hours but their overtime wages are violated by the organizational hierarchy (Singh, 2012). The materiality leaves of the female workers are also violated by the management of Wal-Mart (Globescanfocus, 2013). Due to which, Wal-Mart was named as Sweat-Shop by its workers and its reputation was hindered. Therefore, in order to remove such a worse reputation and image, the management decided to implement certain Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) for the benefit of the workers (Sum, 2009). It decided to present desired wages for the workers so as to gift a better living condition to them. Along with this, it also tried to implement better machineries so as to enhance the working conditions (Kaye, 2012). Other than this, the management also decided to present overtime wages for the workers along with piece rates as well. Moreover, they also committed to present the similar wage rates to the workers in case of lower orders of the garments or toys. This acted as a boon for the organization to regain its reputation and image in the market along with dominance power as well (Globescanfocus, 2013). Part 2: Being the world’s number one legendary brand in the segment of apparels, Wal-Mart had to suffer a serious set-back in the year 2004. It was due to its internal strategies and policies.

Use of omputer in academic development of children during their Essay

Use of omputer in academic development of children during their primary years - Essay Example Computers have become a standard feature in preschool, kindergarten and primary grades as a teaching aide. In the competitive age that we live in with strong emphasis on achievement, many educators see computer use as a way to accelerate progress in education.At home too, most parents feel compelled to follow this trend and purchase personal computers for their children in order to make them better prepared for their technology exposure at school and outside. Market researchers tracking software trends have identified that the largest software growth recently has been in new titles and companies serving the early childhood educational market. Even as early as 1996, SPA consumer market report found that of the people who own home computers and have young children, 70% had purchased educational software for their children to use .An estimated $50 million was spent on software programs for young children in 2001. The percentage today could only have increased judging by the omnipresence of computers in schools and homes. Parents and educators seem to be so eager to incorporate technology in education that many of them are introducing computers to children at younger ages to not only motivate them to get a head start on academics but also for their careers in later life. For example, lapware, a software program intended for children under 18 months of age was first introduced in the late 1990s ,to stimulate the brains of children as young as 6 months while they sit on the lap of their parent. Understandably, not all psychologists and educators are thrilled at the idea of using computers as an introduction to academic concepts and have raised questions about its effectiveness and also emotional and physical side effects. Abstract: The literature review that is done in this paper attempts to address several issues related to the academic use of computers with young children. We will study existing articles and research already done on the subject to achieve a better understanding and evaluate the different aspects related to the topic. They are: (1) the integration of technology into the typical learning environment and the potential benefits of appropriate use of technology in early childhood programs (2) the essential role of adults in evaluating appropriate uses of technology; (3) Appropriate Computer activities (4) The concerns of different organizations and educators who are opposed to the academic incorporation of computers. . Literature Review: Learning through computers and evidence of their benefits: The National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC), an organization that sets standards of excellence for programs for children from birth through age eight, recommends the use of computers with children ages three and older. In fact, the association claims that computers can have important benefits for even very young children, including language development, literacy development, social development, and the development of important problem-solving skills. Computers are intrinsically compelling for young children. The sounds and graphics gain children's attention. Increasingly, young children observe adults and older children working on computers, and they want to do it, too. Children get interested because they can make things happen with computers. Developmentally appropriate software engages children in creative play, mastery learning, problem solving, and conversation. The children control the pacing and the action. They can repeat a process or activity as oft en as they like and experiment with variations. They can collaborate in making decisions and share their discoveries and creations (Haugland & Shade 1990). When used appropriately, technology can support and extend traditional materials in valuable ways. Research points to the positive effects of technology in children's learning and development, both cognitive

Segment and Profiling Examples Essay Example for Free

Segment and Profiling Examples Essay * CARL’S JR. The brand continues its growth with an emphasis on quality, service and cleanliness, pioneering concepts such as partial table service and self-serve beverage bars. The introduction of the signature Six Dollar Burgerâ„ ¢ in 2001 marks the latest Carls Jr. ® advance in the quick-service industry, confirming the chains constant emphasis on product innovation and representing a desire to satisfy the tastes of young, hungry consumers. Who: male and female consumers between the ages of 18 – 25 with an average education level of a high school graduate or higher and a income level of 000 000. This also includes family consumers who typically consist of married or single parents with 1- 4 stay at home children and roughly $1300 of disposable income that is usually spent at QSR’s. Common lifestyle characteristics include parents who work full time and who are not always able to prepare a meal for their family, households where 3 of the four people in a typical family do not know how to cook, consumers who spend 71% of their time or more outside the house, consumers who spend a majority of their time in busy high traffic districts of the city and teenagers between the age of 15 – 19 who work full or part time jobs and or go to school full time. Consumers in this target market regularly make purchases at QSR’s 1 – 2 times a week and expect healthier more nutritious meal options such as specialty salads, deli style sandwiches and grilled chicken sandwiches. What: The overall nature of the message would be image intensive with a majority of advertisements directed toward tv, print (including coupons etc.) and internet banners/stream videos. Where: The target market exists mainly in suburban areas, high traffic business districts and in some rural areas of Canada. The weight of the media funding would be allocated primarily based on this info and population patterns. When: Since a majority of ads will be spent on tv, commercials would be aired Monday to Friday from 3pm to 10:30pm, playing 3, 40 second commercials in an hour. On weekends commercials would air from 11:00am to 10:00pm, 2 times an hour. How: By using the profile-matching strategy in all chosen forms of media Carl’s Jr. would be able to achieve the desired regional coverage needed to successfully launch into the Canadian market. This effort combined with ‘skip’ schedule advertising will generate awareness, interest and trial purchase Endorsements is a technique that Carl’s Jr. has already used somewhat successfully and could continue to do so by getting endorsements from celebrities that would be easily recognized and accepted by the target audience. This would include Lindsay Lohan, Jessica Alba and Sarah Jessica Parker who could add to the presentation with sexually blatant appeals that could be easily â€Å"confused† with benefits of the product. Such as an ad where one of the above celebrities would mention how they have met someone who gives them everything they want and keeps them satisfied with his â€Å"big†¦., thick†¦., so large I can barely get both hands on it†¦..†, these references would of course be toward Carl’s Jr. and the size of their new ‘Six Dollar’ Jalapeà ±o burger. Shaquille O’Neal, and Kobe Bryant could also be used to target the segment of customers who may be more influenced by the endorsements of professional athletes and their reference to the amount of meat found in the premier burger. With this type of commercial we would also introduce taglines and slogans to complete the message. For the ad endorsed by an attractive female celebrity the tagline would be â€Å"If we can get her this HOT, imagine what we can do for you.† this would introduce the Jalapeà ±o burger as a spicy meal to consumers who prefer a ‘kick’ to their food. The slogan used for the entire advertising campaign would be â€Å"We’re new. We’re more. And we can make it HOT.† * BROTHER’S BURGER Brothers Burger is a fast-casual restaurant that now has a total of 18 branches— six franchised and 12 company-owned — in Metro Manila, Baguio City, Cebu City. â€Å"We wanted to give the market good comfort good,† says Martin, the company’s vice president for business development and marketing. But it was Quito, a California-trained chef, who brought up the idea of selling a premium burger. To bring this idea to life, DJ and Martin quit their jobs to help Quito. Their burgers are all quite big and charbroiled a lot of health conscious people who order this if they are craving for burgers. * BURGER MACHINE BURGER MACHINE IS THE MARKET LEADER OF THE BURGER-ON-WHEELS SEGMENT OF THE FAST FOOD INDUSTRIES IN THE PHILIPPINES OPERATED BY FRANCHISEES NATIONWIDE. Burger Machine is the market leader of the burger-on-wheels segment of Philippines Food Industry. To simply put it, Burger Machine is the National Burger Stand of the Philippines. 🙂 (Among the other famous burger stands in the Philippines are: Angels Burger, Scott Burger Buy 1 Take 1 Burgers, etc). Burger Machine is not the resto type, it has been consistent in identifying itself as the-burger-next-door; you can see it everywhere, in every block, and in every corner possible. It is open 24 hours, the reason why it earned its name the burger that never sleeps. * McDonalds McDonalds has segmented their products according to bases of Demographic, Psychographic and Behavioral. They have segmented their products and positioned their products according to kids, students and family. But they haven’t segmented their products according to Adult target group. And also haven’t started segmented related to breakfast in every outlet. * Happy Meal for Kids. Playing area for Kids Music and Dance floor for youth. Toddler zone -an active play environment with age-appropriate games that develop physical coordination and social skills. Active zone-designed for children aged four to eight that promotes physical fitness through fun play Sports Zone-a series of sports-oriented activities to promote aerobic exercise for children aged nine to 11 Parent Zone-features seating and provides a monitoring area for their children; and the Dining Area which allows family to eat. Geographical segmentation From geographical segmentation above we can see that McDonald offered their services based on certain country basic food. Demographic/psychographic segmentation Demographic segmentation divides the market into groups based on variables like gender, age, nationality, religion, family life cycle and family size. McDonald offered their services by segmented their customer based on age, religion and family life cycle McDonald segmented their product based on customer’s religion To offer the best services McDonald still concern about variations due to differing tastes and cultural issues for their customer over the world. For example: ‘Demographic segmentation divides the market In Malaysia, In Muslim country like Malaysia pork is not due to Muslim dietary laws, the hamburger is called beef burger avoiding the word â€Å"ham† (McDonald Malaysia). Additionally, in North African Morocco as well as other Muslim countries, all meats is slaughtered in the halal method and labeled as such. On The other hand, In Israel, kosher dietary laws forbid the mixture of the meat and the dairy product, because of this, cheeseburger are not popular. McDonald runs kosher restaurants in Jerusalem and in Buenos Aires (Gurdian Unlimited, 2007), Argentina and offer a â€Å"Passover bun† (only in Israel) for the eighty day period in which practicing Jews abstains from leavened bread. Contrary, â€Å"Veggie burger† are offered wherever there is significant demand, including India and much Western Europe, but McDonald rarely certificate it product as vegetarian. Indeed, McDonald’s was subject to high profile lawsuit and eventually forced to apologized for using small beef in the preparation of fries marketed as cooked in 100% vegetable oil. While in the liberal countries like The United States McDonald offer any kinds of food which one of it not available in other countries such as, hamburger, big n tasty, crispy chicken mCclub, McRib Jr, bacon egg and cheese bagel, BBQ bacon chicken mCgrill and cherry pie. (Bizjournal strictly business, strictly local, 2001) Behavioral segmentation Behavioral segmentation focuses on dividing consumer based on their knowledge, attitudes, uses, benefits sought, or responses to company’s product (McNamee McDonnell, 1995). One of the best form of segmentation is to divided buyers according to the different benefits that they want to get by purchasing the product. Usually, people who look for in their product class or look for each benefit. For example, McDonald provide McDelivery for 24 hour, this the only one delivery service that not stop even once in a while a day by just call it and order, after that within a minute it comes to your place with the food that still hot and fresh. For example, they who are working until late night in the office or they who are not sleep at night, they use this service to feed them because not all McDonald restaurants is open for 24 hour, certain McDonald restaurant only open until 2 am in the morning, for customer who look for each benefit they will just call McDelivery to send what they order rather than comedown directly to McDonald’s restaurant. McDonald segmented McDelivery menu based on the time that customer order: ∙ Breakfast extra value meals: bagel with omelet, big breakfast, hotcakes with sausage, hotcakes, sausage mCmuffin, egg muffin, fillet-o-fish, hashbrown. Happy Meal breakfast includes free toy: 2pc breakfast hotcakes. ∙ Lunch/Dinner/supper: big mag, double cheeseburger, fillet-o-fish, mcwings, French fries, mCchicken, mCspicy, grilled chicken foldover. Happy Meal lunch/dinner/supper includes free toy: chicken mCnugget, grilled chicken bun, chicken mCnugget. ∙ Sides: French fries, corn cup, apple dippers. ∙ Beverages: mCcafe cappuccino, mCcafe latte, mCcafe long black, coke/ coke light, sprite, ice lemon tea, jasmine green tea, 100% pure orange juice, limeade, iced milo, evian, fresh milk, hot chocolateor tea, hot milo. ∙ Dessert: McFlurry, sundae, apple pie. (McDelivery, 2006) McDelivery menu by McDonald (2006).. According to the data above, we can see that McDonald segmented their McDelivery menu based on how customers considering each benefit. Another behavioral segmentation in McDonald that we can guess is they proudly Big Mac, we can measure how customer is loyal to this McDonald’s product. In my opinion, Big Mac is one of popular burger in the world everybody knew it, know what it calls, know how to get it and know how it tastes. Year to year the sales of Big Mac keep on steadily and it is never drop under what we are predicted. On the other hand it sales also never suddenly totally increased, it is one of the evidence that Big Mac is reputable in common meanings it well-know because of it big size of burger under the brand of McDonald which all the people knows how it fast food feeder popular but it do not mean that this Big Mac do not have competitor. Nowadays, there is a lot of fast food feeder that serve any kind of burger with tempting taste and affordable price, this is what people said â€Å"the taste balance with the quality† which the brand is Burger King with their lot of menu choices and MOS burger that now serving their burger not with bread rather than rice, so many unique and unimagined ideas about how people create an interesting food and take business burger seriously. The reasons why this three brand of burger consume by community is because they all concern for the word halal kosher, they also know how to compete by creating the best test and design the appearances of burger until it brings kind of history to our life. Additionally, it also because of their good marketing which know how they persuade people and how they advertise their burger by make it commercial break that published in television, advertise their burger in big billboard, put their poster in bus until send their discount coupon (direct mai l) to public.

Ethics of Data Breaches

Ethics of Data Breaches Mohammed Shahed Ali 1. The Analysis Alex Holden, originator of the Wisconsin-based security firm, understood for getting hordes of stolen data from the hacking black market pronounced that it had actuated a fraudster to give them a database of 272m remarkable email addresses with the passwords buyers use to sign into destinations. It is one of the greatest supplies of stolen qualifications to be revealed. (Restrictive: Big information breaks found at significant email administrations master, 2016) It is one of the greatest supplies of stolen records to be uncovered. These qualifications were for the worlds three well known email suppliers Gmail, Yahoo, and Microsoft. Whats going on?After subsistence advised about accreditations hurray and Google did not reacted to the remark of ruptured information. Milwaukee-based Hold Security began prompting affiliations impacted by the latest data breaks. The associations approach is to return data it recovers at essentially zero cost to firms found to have been cracked. It may be that the reserve is old and doesnt present a great deal of a security peril. In spite of everything, it is not sure how these qualifications were spilled or when-yet a couple people over on Reedit found that these may not, truth be told, be Gmail passwords, as genuine reports declared. Or maybe, no doubt these are passwords spilled from various locales during the time that were associated with Gmail addresses. The examination shows that 99.982% of Mail.ru record passwords found in the database is invalid. The database is without a doubt an aggregation of a few old data dumps assembled by hacking web organizations where people used their email area to select. (Szoldra, 2016) What are the issues?The secret key break at first surfaced on a Russian-vernacular discourse. Programmers from Russia and Eastern Europe have been related with various prominent security rupture, including the Target break that turned up an immense number of clients credentials.(5 Million Gmail Usernames, Passwords Hacked And Posted To Russian Bit coin Forum: Report, 2014) A few clients were hoodwinked and deceived by deceitful by sending comparable dependable messages to change the secret word so they can get their certifications through it, this dubious fake is named as phishing. What are the facts?Its basic to note that for this circumstance and in others, the spilled usernames and passwords were not the result of a crack of Google structures. This data break information and open bits of knowledge have transformed into a critical resource for media, associations and clients planning to end up additional on the necessity for best practices, insurance and endeavours to build up security in all extents both individual and master. This postures an enormous test to the specialist organization for security and administration to safeguard the danger of these assailants both monetarily and fiscally. Who is affected?While the database includes a great many login accreditations, it doesnt mean Google, Yahoo, Microsoft, and Mail.ru servers themselves have been hacked. Or maybe, the programmer assembled the information from breaks of littler or less secure sites where individuals utilize their email addresses alongside a secret key to log-in(Medina, 2016).Since many individuals utilize similar passwords crosswise over different sites, it is those people who to a great extent be influenced and need to change their passwords. Yahoo Mail records evidently made up 15% of the IDs found, while Hotmail made up 12% and Gmail made up 9%. A large number of the stolen passwords appear to have a place with agents of the greatest banking, retail associations in the US. What are the Ethical issues and their implications?Ethical issues:Get-together of information as an interruption or infringement of privacy, Certifying consistency with those principles justified Eventually, Attorneys are in like manner subject to supports if these affirmations are submitted already, infringement of the precepts. Lawyers require a commitment on supplement revelations Furthermore divulgence responses under Federal Rule of Civil framework 26(e) and furthermore blacks.(J. Scott, 2016) Controls oblige the people using individual information to keep the mandates requirements to persistently reasonable, to clarify Likewise to the explanation behind gathered greater part of the information and, hazardous to huge Data, with endeavour to minimisation(According to divisions for national Affairs globe data security report card 14(9) and whats more those U.Ks. Information Commissioners office enormous information and data security (2014)).(MIS Quarterly Executive 2015 first ed.) The moment that an information security break happened, proofs reinforcing the standards, protection arrangement be shielded and accumulated steadily. It might be fundamental to report the thing amid the season of the rupture event so as will assent for good and  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   discovering duties. Lawyers have a moral duty for spoliation of proof. Implications the issue:Removed the theoretical surmising, the master plan of this issue there is a gigantic contact regarding the general population eye. The most extreme measures of records in the database presumably are mail.ru copies and their usernames and passwords, those data held roughly 57 million records beginning with the site, or the greater part those sum from guaranteeing people using Russias heading email organization. From the aggregate certainties, these certifications are 57 Million, have a place with Russias heading email provider mail.ru, 40 million Yahoo accounts, 33 million Microsoft Hotmail accounts Also 24 million Gmail accounts. (Szoldra, P. (2016)). About the people 272 million records assessed by Hold Security, around 42.5 million were accreditations that the association require not seen traded on the Dark Web some time recently. Be that as it may, Google and yippee denied for this enormous database rupture and did not react to the occurrence. Google itself say in one of its articles that username and passwords are acquired through different sources and fraudsters by phishing the clients by sending fake emails. Lawyers are furthermore subject to sanctions if these confirmations are made neglecting the rules. Legal counsellors have a commitment to supplement exposures and divulgence responses under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(e) too.(J. Scott, R. (2016)). What could have been done about it?To decline this Ethical problem over the Data Protection Act Lawyers of this service have a commitment to supplement exposures and revelation responses under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(e). To defeat this issue Google received certain confirmation strategies for its client for better protection and security to keep up its principles. Then again phishing tricks must be accounted for by the clients. What are the options? The principal choice to vanquish this moral issue for the clients of mail specialist co-ops is Reverse Turing Test which safeguards the moral predicament and reports the spam for verification emails aside from the supplier messages. Also 2-stage confirmation technique for email which advocates and hones the security of users. If their secret word is turn on two-consider validation and the clients utilize to ensure themselves. Coming to the gauges of the Google database its high-security arrangement cant infringe. Or maybe the client qualifications can coordinate with different locales if the user gives same points of interest to log into those destinations (Medina, 2016). Which option is the best and why? The second choice is best when comes to an ethical dilemma where the customers can rest simpler, there is although assignment to break the accreditations of the clients is proficient to shield the security when a unidentified passage tries to get the qualifications or need to get to the client account. 2.Reference list  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1. Exclusive: Big data breaches found at major email services expert. (2016). Reuters. Retrieved 6 August 2016, from http://www.reuters.com/article/us-cyber-passwords-idUSKCN0XV1I6 2. Millions of passwords have been stolen from Google and Yahoo users. (2016). Mail Online. Retrieved 6 August 2016, from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3573203/Big-data-breaches-major-email-services-expert.html 3. Szoldra, P. (2016). The 272 million hacked Gmail, Hotmail, and other accounts appear to be fake. TechInsider. Retrieved 6 August 2016, from http://www.techinsider.io/russian-hack-email-2016-5 3. 5 Million Gmail Usernames, Passwords Hacked And Posted To Russian Bitcoin Forum: Report. (2014). International Business Times. Retrieved 7 August 2016, from http://www.ibtimes.com/5-million-gmail-usernames-passwords-hacked-posted-russian-bitcoin-forum-report-1684368 4. Medina, N. (2016). Massive Email Hack Database Sold By Russian Hacker For Less Than $1, But Should You Be Worried?. iDigitalTimes.com. Retrieved 7 August 2016, from http://www.idigitaltimes.com/massive-email-hack-database-sold-russian-hacker-less-1-should-you-be-worried-531921 5. MIS Quarterly Executive 2015 1sted.). Retrieved from http://misqe.org/ojs2/index.php/misqe/article/viewFile/588/394 6. J. Scott, R. (2016). Ethical Considerations for Attorneys Responding to a Data-Security Breach. Iapp.org. Retrieved 14 August 2016, from https://iapp.org/news/a/2008-06-ethical-considerations-for-attorneys-responding-to-data-breach/

Presenting Language Through Texts English Language Essay

Presenting Language Through Texts English Language Essay Texts have been used in language classrooms for many years. There are many reasons for teachers using texts. Firstly, they use texts as a linguistic objects. Secondly, they use texts as vehicle for information. And for the last reason, they use texts as a springboard for production. So texts in language teaching have played the important role in language learning and teaching. The most effective texts in learning process are authentic materials. Leaning English through authentic materials will make the learners feel like the are in the a real language situations. The atmosphere of the classrooms are alive. Research studies on the use of authentic materials reveal that it can promote the students motivation, positive attitude, involvement and interest on the subject. There are several kinds of authentic materials which are audio, visual, printed materials and multimedia materials. The multimedia materials are involved audio, video and graphic presentations. All of these materials are applied for communicating specific dispatches in real situations. Authentic audio materials : 1. Music, news and other audio materials available on the internet 2. TV programming including movies, commercials, quiz shows, cartoons, news and weather 3. Radio including ads, music and sales pitches 4. Taped or eavesdropped conversations, such as one-sided phone conversations 5. Meetings, talks 6. Announcements in airports and stores 7. Professionally audio-taped short stories and novels Authentic visual materials : Images and graphs available on the internet photographs painting and drawings, childrens artwork wordless street signs pictures from magazines, postcards, wordless picture books stamps x-rays coins and currency clocks phones Halloween masks and other holiday decorations Authentic printed materials : web based printed materials available on the internet newspapers including articles, movies reviews and advertisements, astrology columns, sports reports, obituary columns, advice columns, classified ads reports, obituary columns, advice columns, classified ads lyrics to song restaurant menus street signs food product labels such as cereal boxes, candy wrappers tourist information brochures university catalogs telephone books maps magazines including TV guides, comic books, catalogs greeting cards, letters grocery coupons and flyer pins or t-shirt with messages bus schedules mail including bills , missing children flyers and junk mail flyers, posters, billboards school notices forms including leases, tax forms, applications, medical history forms Authentic multimedia materials : TV, Video programmes of various kinds podcasting on the internet we based programes involving multimedia use There are criteria for teachers to consider for choosing the authentic materials for classroom use. Firstly, the interest of the students, the teacher has to ensure that the chosen materials suit the age, interest and background of the students. Secondly, the purpose of language learning, teachers must consider the information in the chosen materials are of value to the learners. Thirdly, the cultural appropriateness, some materials are produced on the basis of the native speakers, the learners might not familiar with the culture of the contexts. Thus, the teachers should carefully select the appropriate second language contexts. Fourthly, the language level, the group of students are different levels like beginner, intermediate or advanced students .because the authentic materials are not made to fit the learning purposes so the teachers must choose the kind of comprehensible input which is slightly difficult in order to sustain their motivation. Lastly, the quality of the materials may be concerned. The chosen texts must have the quality of the text organization and the appropriate picture use. In the same time, the teachers must attentively check for errors and spelling mistakes of the texts. 614 Using authentic materials have great benefits or advantages, specially for the second language learners of English. A large number of evidences of research studies have revealed a wide range of advantages. Firstly, the learners will expose to a wide range of natural language. Next, the reality and the meaningful interactive are brought into classroom. Then, there is a connection between the classroom and the outside world. The teaching and assessment focus on the 4 skills which the facts of language are not included. Moreover, the important objective is not a memorization for the examination but for the communicative proposes. For the next reason, the authentic texts can help the teachers accessing the ready, available, attractive and inexpensive resources of the texts as well as bring the variety to the classroom activities. So, the students have opportunities to practice the skills learnt in the classroom in the outside world when they meet them in the real situations. 771 Using the authentic materials also have some problems. Some kinds of materials may include difficult language and unusual vocabulary items which are not being used in the daily life basis. These kinds of problems cause a burden to the teachers. So to solve the problems, the teachers should carefully pick the authentic materials by using the above mentioned criteria. For instance, the notices, bottled labels and reservation forms are used for the lower level learners. Whereas, the advanced levels need more complex materials. 854 Thornbury claimed that language always happens as text and not as isolated words and sentences Therefore, the basis of foreign language teaching is handling texts for both written and oral. There are three acronyms that have been used to describe texts TALO : Text as a linguistic object A TALO text is used for language work, specifically grammar or vocabulary. TALO texts : are written especially with a pedagogical purpose in mind could be authentic texts the teacher has chosen because they contain lots of examples of a particular feature of language, could be authentic texts adapted to contain or highlight certain features of language. TAVI : Text as a vehicle for information A TAVI text has a different focus. Information within the text is seen as more important than the language. Students should understand the overall meaning of a text instead of ( or at least before ) the finer points of detail, TAVI texts : can be chosen because they are motivating, these texts are mainly authentic and based on communicative approach. TASP : Text as a Stimulus for Production A TASP means using texts as a springboard for another task usually a reading or writing task. TASP approaches also fit well with communicative approach. TASP type activities could be : doing a role play on the text, discussing issues raised by the text, having a debate about the points of view presented in the texts, writing a similar text about something the students know about writing a response to the text ( Verster 2005 ): TALO, TAVI, TASP. From : www.vgtu.it Texts based activities presented in the course book Information Technology are marking the statements as true or false, filling in the gaps in the statements, linking each pair of actions ( donating cause and effect ) by a time clause, matching the terms in table A with the statements in table B, making a list of the key features of the facility ( device ) students are reading about, matching the reviews of the facilities to their titles, writing a brief evaluation of the phenomenon you have read about ( at least by listing its good and bad points ), trying to guess the meaning of the given abbreviations, trying to paraphrase the statements, linking each set of sentences to make one sentence ( corresponding to the descriptions given in the text ), completing the forms to record the main details of the problem described in the text, working in pairs, studying the diagram to explain how facility works, putting the described events in sequence, finding words or phrases in the table which mean what is given in the statements below. 1091 From my experience as a teacher, I have been teaching young learners, mostly in the Phatom 1-3 students. And I have used several kinds of authentic materials in my class. For example, I use English songs and nursery rhymes when I would like to present new language to my students for promoting the motivation and engagement in learning of my students. Then, I use many pictures to present the new vocabulary in order to promote a better understanding of the meanings of the words. Sometimes, I have them read their favorable books from the bookshelf, so they can choose what ever they like. The examples of my authentic materials are : Five Little Speckled Frogs Five 5 little speckled frogs, Sitting on a hollow log, Eating some most delicious bugs, Yum, Yum. One 1 frog jumped in the pool, Where it was nice and cool, Now there are four 4 speckled frogs, Glub, glub. Four 4 little speckled frogs, Sitting on a hollow log, Eating some most delicious bugs, Yum, Yum. One 1 frog jumped in the pool, Where it was nice and cool, Now there are three 3 speckled frogs, Glub, glub. Three 3 little speckled frogs, Sitting on a hollow log, Eating some most delicious bugs, Yum, Yum. One 1 frog jumped in the pool, Where it was nice and cool, Now there are two 2 speckled frogs, Glub, glub. Two 2 little speckled frogs, Sitting on a hollow log, Eating some most delicious bugs, Yum, Yum. One 1 frog jumped in the pool, Where it was nice and cool, Now there is one 1 speckled frog, Glub, glub. One 1 little speckled frog, Sitting on a hollow log, Eating some most delicious bugs, Yum, Yum. One 1 frog jumped in the pool, Where it was nice and cool, Now there are no 0 speckled frogs, Glub, glub. From www. enchantedlearning.com My students really enjoy it. So they like English language too. And I have another example : Hark, Hark, The Dogs Do Bark! Hark, hark, the dogs do bark! The beggars are coming to town! Some in rags and some in tags, And some in velvet gowns. From www. enchantedlearning.com One, Two, Three, Four, Five One 1, two 2, three 3, four 4, five 5, Once I caught a fish alive. Six 6, seven 7, eight 8, nine 9, ten 10, But I let it go again. Why did I let it go? Because it bit my finger so. Which finger did it bite? The little one upon the right. From www. enchantedlearning.com Aesops Fables : The Ant and the Grasshopper In a field one summers day a Grasshopper was hopping about, chirping and singing to its hearts content. An Ant passed by, bearing along with great toil an ear of corn he was taking to the nest. Why not come and chat with me, said the Grasshopper, instead of toiling and moiling in that way? I am helping to lay up food for the winter, said the Ant, and recommend you to do the same. Why bother about winter? said the Grasshopper; we have got plenty of food at present. But the Ant went on its way and continued its toil. When the winter came the Grasshopper had no food and found itself dying of hunger, while it saw the ants distributing every day corn and grain from the stores they had collected in the summer. Then the Grasshopper knew: It is best to prepare for the days of necessity. The Ass and His Masters AN ASS, belonging to an herb-seller who gave him too little food and too much work made a petition to Jupiter to be released from his present service and provided with another master. Jupiter, after warning him that he would repent his request, caused him to be sold to a tile-maker. Shortly afterwards, finding that he had heavier loads to carry and harder work in the brick-field, he petitioned for another change of master. Jupiter, telling him that it would be the last time that he could grant his request, ordained that he be sold to a tanner. The Ass found that he had fallen into worse hands, and noting his masters occupation, said, groaning: It would have been better for me to have been either starved by the one, or to have been overworked by the other of my former masters, than to have been bought by my present owner, who will even after I am dead tan my hide, and make me useful to him. He that finds discontentment in one place is not likely to find happiness in another The Ass, the Fox, and the Lion THE ASS and the Fox, having entered into partnership together for their mutual protection, went out into the forest to hunt. They had not proceeded far when they met a Lion. The Fox, seeing imminent danger, approached the Lion and promised to contrive for him the capture of the Ass if the Lion would pledge his word not to harm the Fox. Then, upon assuring the Ass that he would not be injured, the Fox led him to a deep pit and arranged that he should fall into it. The Lion, seeing that the Ass was secured, immediately clutched the Fox, and attacked the Ass at his leisure. *Never trust your enemy

The Catcher In The Rye :: essays research papers

Some may say that the main character of J.D. Salinger’s novel The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield, is merely the average teenager, although he seems to think about sex and women quite a lot for his age of sixteen. This point can be easily argued in many ways, one example being the time Holden called a perfect stranger, Faith Cavendish, to get together at an unruly time of night. Another example of the main character’s perversion is when he hired a prostitute named Sunny, and never actually accomplished anything. One last example could be Caulfield’s overall impression and cockiness when it comes to sex and women. In conclusion Holden Caulfield is engrossed in sexual thought. The protagonist’s fixation with members of the opposite sex can first be argued when he phone’s a girl who’s number he received from a guy he meet once at a party; he said that the girl was â€Å"not exactly a whore or anything but didn’t mind doing it once in a while†. After Holden had spent a good amount of time trying to persuade her to meet him, because he was â€Å"feeling pretty horny†, the girl, Faith Cavendish, finally got him to register the answer of no into his brain. At this point Faith asked the main character if he would like to meet for drinks the next day, but he declined, because the next day he may not be feeling horny anymore. Obviously, the main character was so determined to do something sexy that night he turned down a friendly invitation, which proves that Holden Caulfield is fascinated by sex and women. Over all because the protagonist called an unknown woman for sex, then refused her proposal for a get together the ne xt day; Holden is obviously fixated with both sex and women. Second, another example of Holden’s perversion is when he hires a prostitute named Sunny from the elevator man at his hotel. Although some may say that calling a stranger in the middle of the night, like Holden did with Faith, is normal, but hiring a prostitute when one is sixteen years old is far from average. After the prostitute, Sunny, arrived in Holden’s room and had stripped off her dress Holden lied to her saying that he had an injured â€Å"clavichord† so that he could back out of doing the deed, instead of admitting that he didn’t want to; this caused vexation from both Sunny and the elevator man (Sunny’s pimp), Maurice, and resulted in Holden getting beat up by Maurice because he didn’t pay the full price.

michael powell :: essays research papers

(Michael Powell) Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Chairman Michael K. Powell announced last week that he is leaving the powerful independent agency . In his resignation letter to President Bush, Powell said he was stepping down with a "mixture of pride and regret." "Having completed a bold and aggressive agenda, it is time for me to pursue other opportunities and let someone else take the reins of the agency," Powell stated in the letter. "The seeds of our policies are taking firm root in the marketplace and are starting to blossom.(www.Britancica.com) He gave no indication of his future plans other than spending some time with his family. In addition to opportunities in the private sector, Powell has been mentioned as a possible Virginia gubernatorial candidate.Powell was appointed to a Republican seat on the FCC by President Clinton in 1997, only one year after Congress passed the landmark 1996 Telecommunications Act. President Bush selected him as chairman in 2001, replacing Democrat William Kennard. Powell was appointed to a Republican seat on the FCC by President Clinton in 1997, only one year after Congress passed the landmark 1996 Telecommunications Act. President Bush selected him as chairman in 2001, replacing Democrat William Kennard. Powell and the Republican majority that(www. Alwayson-network.com) gained control of the FCC following Bush's 2000 election brought a different and often controversial approach to telecommunications and the Internet. Powell aggressively supported moving voice, video and data transmissions away from the copper legacy networks of the Bells to a variety of minimally regulated broadband platforms. Often accused by consumer groups of serving the Bells' interests, Powell said competition, particularly in the then nascent broadband industry, was better served by multiple platforms providing bundled packages than the Kennard approach to mandating that the Bells provide open access at government-mandated prices to all competitors. The courts repeatedly sided with Powell. "For four years, Chairman Powell fought hard to promote competition and deregulation in key parts of the telecommunications arena," U.S. Rep. Cliff Stearns, a member of the House Subcommittee on Telecommunications and the Internet, said in his statement. "It was a difficult job that often made him a target for criticism, but I believe his leadership on many of these issues will serve the industry and Ameri can consumers very well in the years to come." When Michael Powell assumed the role of chairman on January 22, 2001, there were roughly 130 million wireless subscribers in America. michael powell :: essays research papers (Michael Powell) Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Chairman Michael K. Powell announced last week that he is leaving the powerful independent agency . In his resignation letter to President Bush, Powell said he was stepping down with a "mixture of pride and regret." "Having completed a bold and aggressive agenda, it is time for me to pursue other opportunities and let someone else take the reins of the agency," Powell stated in the letter. "The seeds of our policies are taking firm root in the marketplace and are starting to blossom.(www.Britancica.com) He gave no indication of his future plans other than spending some time with his family. In addition to opportunities in the private sector, Powell has been mentioned as a possible Virginia gubernatorial candidate.Powell was appointed to a Republican seat on the FCC by President Clinton in 1997, only one year after Congress passed the landmark 1996 Telecommunications Act. President Bush selected him as chairman in 2001, replacing Democrat William Kennard. Powell was appointed to a Republican seat on the FCC by President Clinton in 1997, only one year after Congress passed the landmark 1996 Telecommunications Act. President Bush selected him as chairman in 2001, replacing Democrat William Kennard. Powell and the Republican majority that(www. Alwayson-network.com) gained control of the FCC following Bush's 2000 election brought a different and often controversial approach to telecommunications and the Internet. Powell aggressively supported moving voice, video and data transmissions away from the copper legacy networks of the Bells to a variety of minimally regulated broadband platforms. Often accused by consumer groups of serving the Bells' interests, Powell said competition, particularly in the then nascent broadband industry, was better served by multiple platforms providing bundled packages than the Kennard approach to mandating that the Bells provide open access at government-mandated prices to all competitors. The courts repeatedly sided with Powell. "For four years, Chairman Powell fought hard to promote competition and deregulation in key parts of the telecommunications arena," U.S. Rep. Cliff Stearns, a member of the House Subcommittee on Telecommunications and the Internet, said in his statement. "It was a difficult job that often made him a target for criticism, but I believe his leadership on many of these issues will serve the industry and Ameri can consumers very well in the years to come." When Michael Powell assumed the role of chairman on January 22, 2001, there were roughly 130 million wireless subscribers in America.

Michael Vick Case

On April 25, 2007, agents raided the Surry County, Virginia home owned by Michael Vick, NFL’s Atlanta Falcons quarterback. The authorities reportedly discovered 66 dogs, 55 of them being pit bulls, blood stained carpet, a dog fighting pit, and equipment which is commonly used in dog fighting rings such as dog treadmills and scales, a pry bar used to open a dog's mouth and an instrument used for breeding. At the time of the raid, Vick was not present at his home but denied having knowledge of dog fighting taking place on his property.On July 17, 2007, a federal jury indicted Vick as well as three other men, Purnell Peace, Quanis Phillips, and Tony Taylor on charges of competitive dog fighting, procuring and training pits to fight, operating an unlawful interstate dog fighting business by the name of Bad Newz Kennels. The four codefendants each face $350,000 in fines and six years in prison if convicted of the federal charges. According to reports, Michael Vick had been staging dog fights since his rookie year with the Falcons in 2001.The dogs found on the property were treated in a horrific manner. Losing dogs were either killed in the arena during the fight or at times they were later hung, electrocuted, shot or drowned. As part of their training to get them ready for fights the dogs were sometimes starved to make them hungry for the fight. On August 24, 2007 Vick entered a plea deal where he pled guilty to â€Å"conspiracy in a dog fighting ring and agreeing that the enterprise included killing pit bulls and gambling. He denied making side bets on the fights, but admitted to bankrolling them. (ESPN) He also admitted to sharing the proceeds from the dog fights with his Peace, Phillips, and Taylor but states that he never placed any bets or collected prize money for the fights. Vick was the last of his counterparts to enter into a plea deal with the prosecution. On December 10, 2007 Michael Vick was sentenced to 23 months in prison and three yearsâ€℠¢ probation at U. S. District Court in Richmond by Judge E. Henry Hudson for running a dog fighting operation. He will serve a longer sentence than two of his codefendants because he lied about his involvement upon ntering his plea agreement when he was supposed to be admitting to his wrong doing and accepting responsibility for his actions. According to his codefendants, Vick was more involved in the dog fights than he admitted to being. On November 30, Peace and Phillips were sentenced by Judge Hudson to 18 and 21 months in federal prison. Their punishments also included three years of supervised probation following their release from prison. On December 14, 2007, Tony Taylor, who was the first of the four men to plead guilty, received a lesser sentence of 60 days in jail because he agreed to testify against Vick.Michael Vick was released from prison on July 20, 2009. After his release from prison, Michael Vick is to start his three year probation term. As part of his probation, V ick was equipped with an electronic monitor and had to perform $10-an-hour job as a laborer for a construction company. Michael Vick is currently still on probation but he is now able to play football again and no longer has to work the construction job. Works Cited http://sports. espn. go. com/nfl/news/story? id=2989824 http://articles. cnn. com/2007-07-17/us/vick_1_bad-newz-kennels-dogfighting-investigation-quanis-phillips? _s=PM:US